数字社会中欧洲公共服务媒体的政治化现象持续存在并不断加剧

Tania Fernández-Lombao, O. Blasco-Blasco, Francisco Campos Freire
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摘要

哈林和曼奇尼(Hallin and Mancini,2004, 2011)于 1998 年开始对西方媒体系统进行比较研究,在经历了四分之一世纪的深刻历史、社会和技术变革之后,他们得出的开放性结论仍然具有实证、修正和前瞻性价值,甚至从批判的角度来看也是如此。本文采用作者在第一部著作中为三种传统媒体模式所起的名称,一方面比较欧洲国家公共服务媒体在资金、受众份额、治理、结构和政治干预方面的演变,另一方面对比欧洲公共服务媒体在适应数字社会过程中政治化持续存在且不断增加的操作假设。根据哈林和曼奇尼的实证模型中的变量,探讨了有关欧盟公共服务媒体演变的五个关键问题:各国和欧盟委员会在共享权力领域的监管干预和发展;对欧洲各国公共服务媒体的筹资系统和消费者受众的比较分析;上述公共服务媒体的治理和管理结构的变化;其组织的专业文化和理性-法律权威的变化;公共服务媒体的公共价值在互联网社会中的演变和合法化,以及各国媒体系统在 Hallin 和 Mancini 的三个原始模型中的适应性的持续性或变异性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Politicisation Persists and Is Increasing in European Public Service Media in the Digital Society
The open conclusions with which Hallin and Mancini (2004, 2011) approached their comparative study of Western media systems, initiated in 1998, retain their empirical, revisionist, and prospective value—even from critical perspectives—after a quarter of a century of profound historical, social, and technological changes. The names given to the three traditional media models in those authors’ first publication are used in this article to compare the evolution of funding, audience shares, governance, structure, and political intervention in European countries’ public service media on the one hand, and to contrast the operational hypothesis that politicisation persists and is increasing in European public service media in their adaptation to the digital society, on the other hand. Based on the variables from Hallin and Mancini’s empirical model, five crucial questions about the evolution of public service media in the EU are addressed: intervention and development of regulation by states and by the European Commission in the area of shared powers; a comparative analysis of the funding systems and consumer audiences of each European country’s public service media; the changes in the governance and management structures of said public service media; the variation in the professional culture and the rational-legal authority of their organisations; and the evolution and legitimation of public service media’s public value in the internet society, as well as the persistence or mutability of the national media systems’ fit within Hallin and Mancini’s three original models.
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