伊斯兰思想与公民国家--读赛义德-西斯坦尼 2003 年后在伊拉克的经历

Raji Naseer Dwara
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摘要

公民国家这一概念的出现可以追溯到十八世纪中叶的工业革命时代,即使是现在,这一概念仍然引发了许多争议和观点分歧,因为有些人认为公民国家是宗教国家的对立面,而另一些人则认为公民国家并不是反对宗教。相反,它是专制国家的对立面,不论其宗教、军事、部落或教派形式如何,它是对中世纪天主教会暴政经历的一种反应。因此,将天主教会的经历及其在欧洲的暴政行为投射到伊斯兰教法上是不正确的,伊斯兰教的目标也不是建立政权或神权国家。我们可以说,以赛义德-阿里-西斯坦尼为代表的宗教权威在 2003 年之后,在其指令、立场和回应中呼吁在伊拉克建立一个公民国家,一个宪法、法律、自由、民意至上和加强公民精神的国家,虽然赛义德-西斯坦尼没有明确使用公民国家的描述,但他希望伊拉克采取的形式与公民国家的概念完全相似。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ISLAMIC THOUGHT AND THE CIVIL STATE A READING OF SAYYED AL-SISTANI’S EXPERIENCE IN IRAQ AFTER 2003
The emergence of the concept of the civil state dates back to the era of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the eighteenth century, and even now the concept still raises a lot of controversy and differences in views, as some see that the civil state is the opposite of the religious state, while others say that the civil state is not against religion. Rather, it is the opposite of the authoritarian state, regardless of its religious, military, tribal, or sectarian form, and it was a reaction to the tyrannical experience of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. Therefore, it is not correct to project the experience of the Catholic Church and its tyrannical behaviors in Europe onto Islamic law, and Islam does not aim to Building power or a theocratic state. We can say that the religious authority represented by Sayyed Ali al-Sistani, after the year 2003, called for, in its directives, positions and responses, the building of a civil state in Iraq, a state of constitution, law, freedoms, the supremacy of the popular will, and the strengthening of the spirit of citizenship, and although Sayyed al-Sistani did not use the description of the civil state categorically, But the form he wanted for Iraq was completely similar to the concept of a civil state.
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