低排放近海天然气线燃烧富二氧化碳天然气的热力学分析:碳捕获和分离系统的各个方面

Gases Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI:10.3390/gases4020003
A. C. Reis, O. Q. F. Araújo, José Luiz de de Medeiros
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管可再生能源不断增长,但化石燃料在全球能源结构中仍占主导地位。由于探明储量和能源需求不断扩大,预计未来几十年天然气发电量将增加。巴西近海前盐盆地的石油储量中,富含二氧化碳的伴生气的气油比很高。要将这些天然气输送到市场,需要高深度的长距离海底管道,因此天然气制管道的成本很高。由于长距离海底输电更为方便,因此 "天然气到电线"(Gas-to-Wire)比 "天然气到管道"(Gas-to-Pipe)更为便捷。为了在不影响二氧化碳排放的情况下提高海上 "气转线 "工艺的热力学效率,这项工作探索了一种新的概念,即从高深度海上油气田燃烧富含二氧化碳(CO2 > 40%mol)的天然气的环保、热力学效率高的 "气转线 "工艺。建议的工艺采用天然气联合循环、废气回收(降低烟气流速并增加烟气中的二氧化碳含量)、使用单乙醇胺水溶液进行二氧化碳燃烧后捕集,以及使用三甘醇进行二氧化碳脱水以提高石油采收率。两个主要分离过程(燃烧后碳捕集和二氧化碳脱水)都有其特殊性,通过热力学分析解决了这些问题。整个过程可提供 534.4 兆瓦的低排放净电能。第二定律分析表明,带碳捕集的 "气转网 "热力学效率为 33.35%。损耗分析表明,天然气联合循环子系统是主要的电力损耗源(80.7% 的损耗),其次是燃烧后捕集子系统(14% 的损耗)。这些机组被认为是值得升级的机组,以迅速提高低排放 "气转电 "工艺的热力学效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Thermodynamic Analysis of Low-Emission Offshore Gas-to-Wire Firing CO2-Rich Natural Gas: Aspects of Carbon Capture and Separation Systems
Despite the growth of renewable energy, fossil fuels dominate the global energy matrix. Due to expanding proved reserves and energy demand, an increase in natural gas power generation is predicted for future decades. Oil reserves from the Brazilian offshore Pre-Salt basin have a high gas-to-oil ratio of CO2-rich associated gas. To deliver this gas to market, high-depth long-distance subsea pipelines are required, making Gas-to-Pipe costly. Since it is easier to transport electricity through long subsea distances, Gas-to-Wire instead of Gas-to-Pipe is a more convenient alternative. Aiming at making offshore Gas-to-Wire thermodynamically efficient without impacting CO2 emissions, this work explores a new concept of an environmentally friendly and thermodynamically efficient Gas-to-Wire process firing CO2-rich natural gas (CO2 > 40%mol) from high-depth offshore oil and gas fields. The proposed process prescribes a natural gas combined cycle, exhaust gas recycling (lowering flue gas flowrate and increasing flue gas CO2 content), CO2 post-combustion capture with aqueous monoethanolamine, and CO2 dehydration with triethylene glycol for enhanced oil recovery. The two main separation processes (post-combustion carbon capture and CO2 dehydration) have peculiarities that were addressed at the light shed by thermodynamic analysis. The overall process provides 534.4 MW of low-emission net power. Second law analysis shows that the thermodynamic efficiency of Gas-to-Wire with carbon capture attains 33.35%. Lost-Work analysis reveals that the natural gas combined cycle sub-system is the main power destruction sink (80.7% Lost-Work), followed by the post-combustion capture sub-system (14% Lost-Work). These units are identified as the ones that deserve to be upgraded to rapidly raise the thermodynamic efficiency of the low-emission Gas-to-Wire process.
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