{"title":"人类真菌病原体马拉尼菲氏菌(Talaromyces marneffei)遗传操作的过去、现在和未来","authors":"Tanaporn Wangsanut, M. Pongpom","doi":"10.33165/rmj.2024.47.1.266695","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The fungus Talaromyces marneffei has been discovered and its pathogenicity to humans has been recognized for over sixty years. The advances in organism-wide studies and the development of genetic manipulation tools contribute greatly to our current understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Several classes of genes have been identified to be involved in stress response, morphogenesis, and virulence based on the characterization of the generated mutants. Here, we summarize the main techniques for T. marneffei genetic manipulation, including chemical mutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, homologous recombination-mediated gene replacement, knockdown methods, and the recent popular CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Cas=CRISPR associated protein) technology. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique were determined from a historical perspective. We also describe potential strategies to improve the current genetics studies, such as the generation of new selection markers and genetically modified strains. The genetic approaches will continue to impact the studies of T. marneffei and can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic tools, drugs, and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":500652,"journal":{"name":"Ramathibodi Medical Journal","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Past, Present, and Future of Genetic Manipulation in Human Fungal Pathogen Talaromyces marneffei\",\"authors\":\"Tanaporn Wangsanut, M. Pongpom\",\"doi\":\"10.33165/rmj.2024.47.1.266695\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The fungus Talaromyces marneffei has been discovered and its pathogenicity to humans has been recognized for over sixty years. The advances in organism-wide studies and the development of genetic manipulation tools contribute greatly to our current understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Several classes of genes have been identified to be involved in stress response, morphogenesis, and virulence based on the characterization of the generated mutants. Here, we summarize the main techniques for T. marneffei genetic manipulation, including chemical mutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, homologous recombination-mediated gene replacement, knockdown methods, and the recent popular CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Cas=CRISPR associated protein) technology. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique were determined from a historical perspective. We also describe potential strategies to improve the current genetics studies, such as the generation of new selection markers and genetically modified strains. The genetic approaches will continue to impact the studies of T. marneffei and can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic tools, drugs, and vaccines.\",\"PeriodicalId\":500652,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ramathibodi Medical Journal\",\"volume\":\" 4\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ramathibodi Medical Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"0\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2024.47.1.266695\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ramathibodi Medical Journal","FirstCategoryId":"0","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2024.47.1.266695","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
Talaromyces marneffei 真菌被发现并对人类具有致病性已有 60 多年的历史。全生物体研究的进展和基因操作工具的开发极大地促进了我们目前对宿主-病原体相互作用的了解。根据所产生突变体的特征,已经确定了几类基因参与应激反应、形态发生和毒力。在此,我们总结了 T. marneffei 基因操作的主要技术,包括化学诱变、插入诱变、同源重组介导的基因替换、基因敲除方法以及最近流行的 CRISPR-Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Cas=CRISPR associated protein)技术。我们从历史的角度确定了每种技术的优缺点。我们还介绍了改进当前遗传学研究的潜在策略,如生成新的选择标记和转基因菌株。遗传学方法将继续影响对 T. marneffei 的研究,并可能导致新诊断工具、药物和疫苗的发现。
The Past, Present, and Future of Genetic Manipulation in Human Fungal Pathogen Talaromyces marneffei
The fungus Talaromyces marneffei has been discovered and its pathogenicity to humans has been recognized for over sixty years. The advances in organism-wide studies and the development of genetic manipulation tools contribute greatly to our current understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Several classes of genes have been identified to be involved in stress response, morphogenesis, and virulence based on the characterization of the generated mutants. Here, we summarize the main techniques for T. marneffei genetic manipulation, including chemical mutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, homologous recombination-mediated gene replacement, knockdown methods, and the recent popular CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Cas=CRISPR associated protein) technology. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique were determined from a historical perspective. We also describe potential strategies to improve the current genetics studies, such as the generation of new selection markers and genetically modified strains. The genetic approaches will continue to impact the studies of T. marneffei and can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic tools, drugs, and vaccines.