全球甜菜生产和食糖消费水平趋势

A. R. Kuznetsova, G. Zholdoyakova, A. I. Akhmetyanova, A. I. Kuznetsov
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摘要

相关性。甜菜是生产砂糖的原料之一,也是评估任何国家粮食安全的指标之一。2020 年,欧洲国家的甜菜糖产量占全球总量的 47.6%,亚洲国家占 18.6%,美洲国家占 13.3%,俄罗斯联邦占 13.7%,非洲国家占 6.7%。与此同时,甜菜糖产量在全球产量中所占的份额在亚洲国家有所增加(从 2010 年的 15.9% 增加到 2020 年的 18.6%),在俄罗斯联邦有所增加(从 10.1% 增加到 13.7%),在非洲国家有所增加(从 4.6% 增加到 6.7%)。欧洲国家的甜菜糖产量从 2010 年的 55.4% 降至 2020 年的 47.6%,美洲国家从 14% 降至 13.3%。在俄罗斯联邦,糖的人均产量一般不仅符合合理消费标准,而且符合粮食自给自足的所有标准。俄罗斯实际消费量超过合理消费量的比例为 62.5%。希腊、葡萄牙、北马其顿、巴基斯坦、阿塞拜疆、土库曼斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、摩尔多瓦、吉尔吉斯斯坦等国的甜菜产量最低。研究结果表明,为了提高甜菜生产的经济指标,俄罗斯商品生产者需要实施农业生产集约化政策,同时利用现代农业技术更新物质技术基础,发展自己的育种和基因中心。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Trends in global sugar beet production and sugar consumption levels
Relevance. Sugar beet is one of the raw materials from which granulated sugar is produced, and it, in turn, is one of the indicators by which the food security of any country is assessed. In 2020, European countries produced 47.6% of the total global volume of sugar beet, Asian countries — 18.6%, America — 13.3%, the Russian Federation — 13.7%, African countries — 6.7%. At the same time, the share of sugar beet production in global production increased in Asian countries (from 15.9% in 2010 up to 18.6% in 2020), in the Russian Federation (from 10.1 to 13.7%), in African countries (from 4.6 to 6.7%). A decrease in sugar beet production was noted in European countries — from 55.4% in 2010 to 47.6% in 2020, in American countries — from 14 to 13.3%. In the Russian Federation, sugar production per capita generally meets not only rational consumption standards, but also all criteria for food self-sufficiency. The excess of actual consumption over rational consumption in Russia is 62.5%. The lowest sugar beet production volumes are observed in countries such as Greece, Portugal, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, and some others.Results. The results of the study showed that in order to increase the economic indicators of sugar beet production, Russian commodity producers need to implement a policy of intensification of agricultural production along with updating the material and technical base using modern agricultural technologies and the development of their own breeding and genetic centers.
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