不仅仅是食物:为什么恢复可持续植物生产中的有机物循环对 "一个健康 "关系至关重要?

Cindy E. Morris, Andrea Radici, Christine N. Meynard, Nicolas Sauvion, C. Nédellec, G. Géniaux, S. Soubeyrand
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摘要

一体健康 "理念认为,通过开发地球资源、贸易和运输,生物体的健康是相互关联的。本世纪初,人畜共患病的流行病学知识使人类面临动物所携带疾病的风险,从而推动了这一概念的出现。尽管 "一体健康 "概念的初衷是全面的,但植物健康在这一概念中的地位却很模糊,在与 "一体健康 "相关的科学文献中,关于植物健康问题的讨论寥寥无几。在此,我们探讨了与 "一体健康 "相关的概念的历史,试图理解为什么在人畜共患疾病的棱镜之外,植物科学与医学和兽医学之间存在这种分裂。我们阐述了植物科学中有关植物、动物和人类一体性概念的丰富历史,以及作为 "同一健康 "前身的有关可持续性定义和范围的争论。这些概念仍然是研究和开发的基础,尤其是在食品安全和粮食安全方面。植物科学中出现的这些概念是基于对食物网的基本认识--植物是人类和动物的食物,而动物的消化过程为植物的生长和健康创造了重要资源。然而,食物网的后一部分--尤其是粪便的循环利用--在农业现代化过程中被破坏了。我们解释了实现可持续的 "同一健康 "如何取决于通过土壤管理来恢复食物网的这一部分,而土壤管理的主要保障者是植物生产中的所有参与者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
More than food: Why restoring the cycle of organic matter in sustainable plant production is essential for the One Health nexus
One Health professes that the health of organisms is interconnected through the exploitation of planetary resources, trade, and transportation, in particular. The impetus for the emergence of this concept in the early 2000s was knowledge of the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases that put humans at risk to diseases carried by animals. In spite of the intended comprehensiveness of One Health, the place of plant health in this concept is vague, and few issues about plant health are debated in the scientific literature related to One Health. Here, we explore the history of concepts related to One Health in an attempt to understand why there is this schism between the plant sciences and the medical and veterinary sciences beyond the prism of zoonotic diseases. We illustrate the rich history of concepts in the plant sciences concerning the oneness of plants, animals and humans, and the debates about the definition and scope of sustainability that are precursors to One Health. These concepts continue to be foundations for research and development, particularly for food security and food safety. The emergence of these concepts from plant sciences was based on fundamental understanding of the food web – where plants are food for humans and animals whose digestive processes create important resources for plant growth and health. Yet, this latter part of the food web – recycling of manures in particular – was ruptured during modernization of agriculture. We explain how attaining sustainable One Health depends on restoring this part of the food web via soil stewardship, whose principal guarantors are the ensemble of actors in plant production.
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