眼表正常微生物群及其组成变化与眼科病症之间的联系

G. N. Rezbaeva, O. I. Orenburkina, I. A. Gimranova, A. Babushkin, G. R. Gazizullina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

眼球表面的微生物群在保护机制中发挥着重要作用,因为它对免疫活动的调节和抵御病原体入侵的屏障效应有重大影响。健康的眼部微生物群不会导致眼部疾病,只有当解剖屏障功能和免疫状态受到破坏时,才会出现眼部病变。健康眼表的特点是微生物群多样性相对稳定且数量较少。环境、饮食、性别、年龄和其他一些因素,如潜在的污染,都会影响微生物菌群的组成,使其分析复杂化,并可能影响后者的结果。此外,潜在的致病生物、各种疾病,包括炎症和治疗眼表的方法也会影响眼部微生物瘤的组成。传统的微生物学研究以培养为基础,往往只能揭示特定区域微生物的低多样性。新的研究方法(如基于 rRNA 测序的遗传分析)表明,微生物的多样性比以前假设的要高得多。研究表明,眼睑炎、结膜炎、角膜炎、葡萄膜炎、干眼症、老年性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼、近视等都会导致微生物群组成发生变化。眼部微生物组的进一步研究可以为所有这些问题提供答案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The normal microbiota of the ocular surface and the connection between the changes in its composition and ophthalmic pathologies
The microflora of the ocular surface serves an important role in the protective mechanisms, since it significantly affects the regulation of immunological activity and the barrier effect against pathogen invasion. The presence of a healthy ocular microbiome causes no eye diseases, and ophthalmic pathologies develop only when anatomical barrier functions and immune status are violated. A healthy eye surface is characterized by a relatively stable and small microbiome diversity. The environment, diet, gender, age and some other factors, such as potential contamination, affect the composition of the microbial flora, complicate its analysis and may affect the results of the latter. Moreover, potentially pathogenic organisms various disorders, including inflammation and methods of treating ocular surface can also affect the composition of eye microbioma. Traditional microbiological studies based on cultivation often reveal a rather low diversity of microorganisms in a particular region. New research methods, e.g. genetic analysis based on rRNA sequencing, indicate a much greater diversity than previously assumed. It has been shown that changes in the microbiota composition occur in blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, dry eye syndrome, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, myopia, etc.Currently, there are no clear criteria for describing norms of the ocular microbiome (including fluctuations which should be considered normal during life). The features and impact of the microflora composition on immunity and human body as a whole, in particular, those associated with the intestinal microbiome and their dependence on gender, age, place of residence, etc have not been studied in full.Further studies of eye microbiome can give answers to all these questions.
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