Evaluation of renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus implementing reproductive function in assisted reproductive technology protocols

The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus has increased significantly among women of reproductive age over the past two decades. Despite improved glycemic control and intensified insulin therapy, patients with diabetes still suffer from many reproductive problems, which often makes this group of patients potential participants in assisted reproductive technology programs under certain conditions. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. It ranks first in the structure of chronic kidney disease and is a common cause of end-stage renal failure, disability, and mortality. Early diagnosis and identification of specific markers of diabetic nephropathy will allow for timely initiation of nephroprotective therapy to slow the progression of diabetic kidney damage. This review article is based on the results of the PubMed, Frontiers, and ResearchGate search queries from 2016 to 2023. We analyzed worldwide and domestic data on the impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on kidney function, the influence of sex hormones on diabetic nephropathy, and the importance of the personalized approach to this group of patients at the pre-pregnancy stage, especially those planning treatment within assisted reproductive technology programs.