新道德社会学》:认知与分析视角

Andrey Bykov
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摘要

本文分析了新道德社会学在当前将这一研究领域制度化的背景下的发展前景。为了对迄今为止作为该项目的一部分而开展的理论和实证研究进行评估和总体分类,并确定其可能和潜在的进一步发展方向,作者确定了两个互补的视角--道德认知社会学和道德分析社会学。这种区分是基于这一研究传统的作者们对道德社会学应在多大程度上吸收认知心理学领域(更为流行和更有影响力)的解释模式和道德研究方法所持的对立观点而提出的。文章简要概述了作为两种观点范例的几部概念性和实证性著作,并从理论、方法和公理三个维度阐述了它们之间的差异。此外,文章还讨论了道德社会学认知视角和分析视角未来发展的主要特点和潜在问题,同时也指出了一些克服这些问题的潜在方法。因此,本文通过展示这两种视角的关键特征和指出其关键问题,以及揭示它们在深化有关人类道德能力本质的社会学和跨学科知识方面的潜力,为新道德社会学研究计划的持续发展做出了贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The New Sociology of Morality: Cognitive and Analytical Perspectives
This article presents analysis of the prospects for the development of the new sociology of morality in the context of ongoing efforts to institutionalize this area of research. In order to assess and generally classify the theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted as part of this project so far, as well as to determine the possible and potentially promising directions for its further evolution, the author identifies two complementary perspectives — cognitive and analytical sociology of morality. This distinction is proposed based on opposing views held by the authors of this research tradition concerning the extent to which the sociology of morality should incorporate the models of explanation and methods of studying morality from the (much more popular and influential) field of cognitive psychology. The article contains a brief general overview of several conceptual and empirical works that serve as examples of each of the two identified perspectives, and also explicates the differences between them based on three dimensions — theoretical, methodological, and axiological. In addition, the article discusses the key features and potential problems for the future development of cognitive and analytical perspectives in sociology of morality, while also identifying a few potential ways to overcome them. Thus, this work contributes to the ongoing development of the program to research the new sociology of morality by demonstrating crucial features and pointing out the key problems of the two identified perspectives, as well as revealing their potential in terms of deepening both sociological and interdisciplinary knowledge about the nature of human moral capacity.
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