Characterization of Pig Vertebrae under Axial Compression Integrating Radiomic Techniques and Finite Element Analysis

The study of pig bones, due to their similarity with human tissues, has facilitated the development of technological tools that help in the diagnosis of diseases and injuries affecting the skeletal system. Radiomic techniques involving medical image segmentation, along with finite element analysis, enable the detailed study of bone damage, loss of density, and mechanical functionality, which is a significant advancement in personalized medicine. This study involves conducting experimental tests on L3–L6 pig vertebrae under axial loading conditions. The mechanical properties of these vertebrae are analyzed, and the maximum loads they can sustain within the elastic range are determined. Additionally, three-dimensional models are generated by segmenting computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans of the vertebrae. Digital shadows of the vertebrae are constructed by assigning an anisotropic material model to the segmented geometries. Then, finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the elastic characteristics, stress, and displacement. The findings from the experimental data are then compared to the numerical model, revealing a strong correlation with differences of less than 0.8% in elastic modulus and 1.53% in displacement. The proposed methodology offers valuable support in achieving more accurate medical outcomes, employing models that serve as a diagnostic reference. Moreover, accurate bone modeling using finite element analysis provides valuable information to understand how implants interact with the surrounding bone tissue. This information is useful in guiding the design and optimization of implants, enabling the creation of safer, more durable, and biocompatible medical devices that promote optimal osseointegration and healing in the patient.