Prenatal, Perinatal And Postnatal Risk Factors From Mother And Child To The Incidence Of Epilepsy

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a health problem that affects sufferers and their families, characterized by at least two seizures without provocation with an interval of more than 24 hours between seizures, one seizure without provocation with the possibility of recurring within 10 years, a diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome has been established. The risk of epilepsy can be influenced by the condition of the mother and child in the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods. AIMS: This study analyzed the risks of several prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors of mother and child as risk factors for epilepsy incidence. METHOD: A case control study was conducted at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang from July 2022 to March 2023. A total of 90 eligible subjects  were divided into 45 case with epilepsy and 45 control with a non-epileptic diagnosis. Inclusion criteria were aged over 17 years to 40 years and exclusion criteria were subjects with mothers who had died or could not be interviewed, data were incomplete and had structural brain disorders or other diseases with clinical symptoms of seizures for the control group. The data obtained were analyzed  using chi squares test for bivariate association, followed by multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. RESULT: Maternal age during pregnancy (p=0.016), low birth weight (p=0.007), surgical birth (p=0.004), head trauma at the age of less than 6 years (p=0.008) have been shown to influence the occurrence of epilepsy with significance respectively. CONCLUSION: Prenatal factors of the mother which is maternal age during pregnancy, perinatal and postnatal factors of the child which are low birth weight, surgical birth, and head trauma at the age of less than 6 years are risk factors that influence the occurrence of adulthood epilepsy.