Assessment of Lung Function in Scavenger Workers at Some Waste Dumpsites in Baghdad City

Waste scavengers face occupational hazards from exposure to toxic landfill emissions, putting them at risk for respiratory illnesses. This study aimed to assess the impacts of landfill gases on lung function in scavengers. Spirometry was used to evaluate lung function in scavengers at 5 dumpsites in Baghdad compared to non-exposed controls. The results showed that winter measurements in the internal measuring point for carbon dioxide indicated that the highest concentration was 454.89 ppm in the Adhamiya landfill and the lowest concentration was 397.65 ppm in the Baghdad Aljadeeda landfill. Lung disease cases were recorded and correlated to landfill sites, work duration, and seasons. The results of the lung efficiency examination showed a clear decrease in spirometry parameters at high-pollution landfill sites with varying concentrations of particulates and gases compared to the control group—more airway restriction cases correlated with increased years of scavenger exposure and higher pollutant levels. As noted, severe respiratory symptoms increased in the summer season likely due to the influence of climatic factors.