Next generation of mRNA and lncRNAs based-vaccines platforms: Highlighted for HPV in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cervical and colorectal cancers and oncogenic viruses HBV/HCV in hepatocellular carcinoma

More than 200 HPV genotypes and several HPV types associated with particular diseases as oral lesions (Hecks disease, oropharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal papillomas), anogenital warts (Bowenoid papulosis, Buschike‒Lowenstein tumor), Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (plane warts, Pityriasis‒ like plaques, squamous cell carcinomas of sun‒exposed skin) have been described. Several advances in the genomics era and the development of new technological tools for next-generation sequencing have been showed that approximately 98% of RNAs are not translated into proteins. This study aims to succinctly describe long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their correlation with the hallmark of cancers since they comprise a class of RNAs that do not code for proteins. Oncogenic mutations occur with higher prevalence in non-coding regions, and the correlation of lncRNAs is extremely important for better understanding the biology of cancer cells as well as elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. Thus, these may be promising tumor biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets exemplified in hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical and colorectal cancer induced by oncogenic viruses. Future studies are need to delve deeper into the cellular signaling pathways involved in biological processes. This theme addresses innovative issues on the ONU 2030 agenda from the perspective of global one health.