使用 Rusitec 对瘤胃甲烷和氨的形成以及微生物群组成的影响进行评估,这些都受到基于单宁酸和精油混合物的补充剂的影响。

IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Giulia Foggi, Melissa Terranova, Matteo Daghio, Sergej L Amelchanka, Giuseppe Conte, Simon Ineichen, Monica Agnolucci, Carlo Viti, Alberto Mantino, Arianna Buccioni, Michael Kreuzer, Marcello Mele
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:以单宁酸提取物或精油化合物(EOC)为基础的膳食补充剂已多次被报道为一种有前途的饲养策略,可减少反刍动物饲养对环境的影响。之前对各种补充剂进行的批量培养筛选确定了一些混合物,它们具有更强的缓解瘤胃甲烷和氨气形成的潜力。本研究采用半连续瘤胃模拟技术(Rusitec)对其中的 Q-2(以坚木栲胶和 EOC 混合物 2 命名,由香芹酚、百里酚和丁香酚组成)和 C-10(栗树栲胶和 EOC 混合物 10,由牛至和百里香精油以及柠檬烯组成)进行了三次独立运行的详细研究。为此,根据之前的研究,将 Q-2 和 C-10 的剂量与未添加辅料的日粮(阴性对照组,NC)和添加了以商用 EOC 为基础的 Agolin® Ruminant 的日粮(阳性对照组,PC)进行了比较:从发酵培养的第 5 天到第 10 天,收集液体并分析 pH 值、氨氮、原生动物数量和气体成分。收集饲料残渣以测定瘤胃降解性。在第 10 天,还通过 16S rRNA 和 26S 核糖体大亚基基因扩增子的高通量测序,对培养液样本进行细菌、古细菌和真菌群落特征分析。无论发酵时间长短,Q-2 和 C-10 在减少氨气(Q-2 为 -37%,PC 为 -34%)或甲烷(C-10 为 -12%,PC 为 -12%)形成方面的效率与 PC 相似。与 NC 相比,PC 还会降低饲料的降解性以及细菌和真菌的丰富度,而 Q-2 和 C-10 的影响,尤其是对微生物群多样性的影响有限:然而,PC 和 Q-2/C-10 之间存在一些差异,表明它们的作用机制不同。PC 引起的明显缺氧及其后果显然至少决定了部分缓解作用。虽然 Q-2 和 C-10 对 NDF 降解性的抑制作用可以部分解释它们的缓解特性,但它们的作用机制仍有待进一步阐明。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of ruminal methane and ammonia formation and microbiota composition as affected by supplements based on mixtures of tannins and essential oils using Rusitec.

Background: Dietary supplements based on tannin extracts or essential oil compounds (EOC) have been repeatedly reported as a promising feeding strategy to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant husbandry. A previous batch culture screening of various supplements identified selected mixtures with an enhanced potential to mitigate ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Among these, Q-2 (named after quebracho extract and EOC blend 2, composed of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol) and C-10 (chestnut extract and EOC blend 10, consisting of oregano and thyme essential oils and limonene) have been investigated in detail in the present study with the semi-continuous rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) in three independent runs. For this purpose, Q-2 and C-10, dosed according to the previous study, were compared with a non-supplemented diet (negative control, NC) and with one supplemented with the commercial EOC-based Agolin® Ruminant (positive control, PC).

Results: From d 5 to 10 of fermentation incubation liquid was collected and analysed for pH, ammonia, protozoa count, and gas composition. Feed residues were collected for the determination of ruminal degradability. On d 10, samples of incubation liquid were also characterised for bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 26S ribosomal large subunit gene amplicons. Regardless of the duration of the fermentation period, Q-2 and C-10 were similarly efficient as PC in mitigating either ammonia (-37% by Q-2, -34% by PC) or methane formation (-12% by C-10, -12% by PC). The PC was also responsible for lower feed degradability and bacterial and fungal richness, whereas Q-2 and C-10 effects, particularly on microbiome diversities, were limited compared to NC.

Conclusions: All additives showed the potential to mitigate methane or ammonia formation, or both, in vitro over a period of 10 d. However, several differences occurred between PC and Q-2/C-10, indicating different mechanisms of action. The pronounced defaunation caused by PC and its suggested consequences apparently determined at least part of the mitigant effects. Although the depressive effect on NDF degradability caused by Q-2 and C-10 might partially explain their mitigation properties, their mechanisms of action remain mostly to be elucidated.

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