用昆虫外植体改良土壤,提高毛虫和蚜虫在大田种植的甘蓝型油菜上的寄生能力

IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Els M. van de Zande, Lina Ojeda-Prieto, Andreas Markou, Julia van Leemput, Joop J. A. van Loon, Marcel Dicke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1 引言 植物在陆地生态系统中发挥着关键作用,可介导地上和地下各营养级生物之间的相互作用。例如,植物挥发物可作为授粉者、种子传播者、食草动物或食草动物的肉食性敌人的中长距离线索(Bruce & Pickett, 2011; Dicke & Loreto, 2010; Schoonhoven et al.)食草昆虫在地上和地下取食时会释放特定的植物挥发物混合物,即所谓的食草昆虫诱导的植物挥发物(HIPV)(Dicke & Baldwin, 2010; Rasmann et al.)HIPV 的释放是植物界的一个普遍特征(Mumm & Dicke, 2010),它不仅介导植物与食草动物、食草动物的食肉敌人和二阶食肉动物之间的相互作用,还介导植物与传粉媒介和邻近植物之间的相互作用(Dicke & Baldwin, 2010)。例如,食草昆虫的寄生虫会利用 HIPV 作为远距离觅食的线索。与食草动物产生的挥发性物质相比,这些物质通常更丰富,也更容易被远距离检测到(Vet & Dicke, 1992)。与微生物的相互作用也会引发特定混合挥发性物质的释放,即所谓的微生物诱导植物挥发性物质(MIPV)(Sharifi 等人,2018 年)。MIPV 中的一些挥发性有机化合物(VOC)也会出现在 HIPV 中(Sharifi 等人,2018 年)。因此,当微生物和昆虫食草动物同时定殖植物时,微生物和食草动物天敌之间可能会产生间接的植物媒介相互作用。荧光假单胞菌 WCS417r 在根部的定殖影响了毛虫取食时特定 HIPV 的释放,显著增加了寄生虫介壳虫的吸引力(Pangesti 等人,2015 年)。非生物土壤环境的变化也会影响植物挥发性物质的释放。例如,施氮肥会减少食草动物侵害的棉花植物释放的多种食草动物诱导的挥发性化合物,但不会影响寄生虫 Cotesia marginiventris 的吸引力(Chen 等,2008 年)。对油菜植物施氮肥会增加 19 种不同植物挥发性化合物的排放,从而影响花粉甲虫和菜青虫的数量以及黑斑病的发生(Veromann 等人,2013 年)。草食性昆虫在植物上生长发育时,不仅会产生粪便(frass),还会产生蜕皮的角质层(exuviae),并最终将尸体沉积在土壤中。同样,寄生虫和食草动物的捕食者也会排泄粪便并产生蜕皮。食草昆虫的虫体和尸体在土壤中的分解会影响土壤养分动态(Behie & Bidochka, 2013; Belovsky & Slade, 2000; Frost & Hunter, 2004; Kos 等人,2017),并选择性地刺激土壤微生物的生长(Frost & Hunter, 2004; Lovett & Ruesink, 1995; Yang, 2004)。此外,用昆虫残体(如虫体碎屑或蜕皮)改良土壤可提高土壤氮的可用性,改良后可延长至 16 周(Nurfikari 等人,2023 年)。此外,用昆虫残体改良土壤还能增加根瘤菌层中细菌属的相对丰度,其中包括促进植物生长的根瘤菌(PGPR)(Van de Zande 等人,2023 年;Wantulla 等人,2023 年),并能培育出碳氮比更低的更大植株(Van de Zande 等人,2023 年)。为了了解土壤中昆虫残体分解对植物挥发性排放和三营养体相互作用的影响,我们比较研究了不同昆虫物种的外植体如何影响 HIPV 排放和昆虫食草动物天敌的招募。不同种类昆虫的蜕皮对挥发性物质释放的不同影响可能会澄清昆虫群落对土壤改良材料反应的差异。本研究的目的是在实验室和田间条件下,阐明用三种不同种类昆虫的分泌物改良土壤对甘蓝型油菜植物挥发物释放的影响,以及两种寄生虫在被吸食韧皮部或咀嚼叶片的食草动物取食后的招募后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Enhanced parasitisation of caterpillars and aphids on field-grown Brassica oleracea plants upon soil amendment with insect exuviae

Enhanced parasitisation of caterpillars and aphids on field-grown Brassica oleracea plants upon soil amendment with insect exuviae

Enhanced parasitisation of caterpillars and aphids on field-grown Brassica oleracea plants upon soil amendment with insect exuviae

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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来源期刊
Functional Ecology
Functional Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
9.00
自引率
1.90%
发文量
243
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Functional Ecology publishes high-impact papers that enable a mechanistic understanding of ecological pattern and process from the organismic to the ecosystem scale. Because of the multifaceted nature of this challenge, papers can be based on a wide range of approaches. Thus, manuscripts may vary from physiological, genetics, life-history, and behavioural perspectives for organismal studies to community and biogeochemical studies when the goal is to understand ecosystem and larger scale ecological phenomena. We believe that the diverse nature of our journal is a strength, not a weakness, and we are open-minded about the variety of data, research approaches and types of studies that we publish. Certain key areas will continue to be emphasized: studies that integrate genomics with ecology, studies that examine how key aspects of physiology (e.g., stress) impact the ecology of animals and plants, or vice versa, and how evolution shapes interactions among function and ecological traits. Ecology has increasingly moved towards the realization that organismal traits and activities are vital for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem processes, particularly in response to the rapid global changes occurring in earth’s environment, and Functional Ecology aims to publish such integrative papers.
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