撒哈拉以南非洲地区豆科种子系统的绩效:障碍、机遇和推广方案。综述

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Caitlin Breen, Noel Ndlovu, Peter C. McKeown, Charles Spillane
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引用次数: 0

摘要

作为撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)粮食安全的基本支柱,确保种子安全对于增强农民种植粮食和饲养牲畜的能力,从而促进农业产出创收至关重要。在小农种植的作物中,豆科植物有可能带来多方面的好处。豆科植物营养丰富,通过固氮作用增强土壤健康。然而,在许多情况下,改良豆科植物品种的开发、发布和供应不足以满足撒哈拉以南非洲地区小农的需求。在此,我们系统地查阅了相关文献,以便:(i) 确定现有的豆科植物种子系统并对其进行分类;(ii) 绘制小农可获得的豆科植物品种图;(iii) 确定阻碍采用各种豆科植物品种的障碍;(iv) 确定加强撒南非洲豆科植物种子系统的潜在战略和机遇。我们的研究结果表明,在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的豆科植物种子供应链中,正规和非正规种子系统并存,各自采用独特的种子分销渠道。然而,除商业化品种外,小农主要依靠非正规种子系统获取大部分豆科植物种子。我们还发现,该地区小农户可获得的豆科植物品种多种多样,农民因作物类型和性别不同而对性状有不同的偏好。值得注意的是,高产和耐非生物胁迫是最受欢迎的性状。然而,这些品种的采用受到各种因素的影响,包括无法及时从正规种子系统获得足够数量的种子、种子成本高以及新品种信息有限。所查阅的文献强调,利用改良豆科植物品种对小农有积极影响,可提高福利、粮食安全、饮食多样性和收入。我们的结论是,在撒哈拉以南非洲地区有效推广豆科植物系统取决于是否存在支持性政策框架和完善的技术支持结构。 图文摘要赞比亚大学豆科植物种质和育种计划中的成包豆科植物种子(图片由 Caitlin Breen 提供,2022 年)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Legume seed system performance in sub-Saharan Africa: barriers, opportunities, and scaling options. A review

Legume seed system performance in sub-Saharan Africa: barriers, opportunities, and scaling options. A review

As a fundamental pillar of food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), ensuring seed security is critical to empowering farmers in cultivating food and livestock feed, thereby fostering income generation from agricultural outputs. Among the crops cultivated by smallholders, legumes have the potential to deliver multifaceted benefits. Legumes are nutrient-dense and enhance soil health through their nitrogen-fixing qualities. However, in many instances, the development, release, and supply of improved legume varieties are insufficient to meet the needs of smallholder farmers in SSA. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to (i) identify and categorize existing legume seed systems, (ii) map legume varieties available to smallholders, (iii) identify barriers hindering the adoption of various legume varieties, and (iv) identify potential strategies and opportunities for strengthening legume seed systems in SSA. Our results demonstrate the coexistence of formal and informal seed systems within legume seed supply chains in SSA, each employing unique seed distribution channels. Smallholders, however, are shown to predominantly depend on the informal seed system to source most legume seeds except for commercially available varieties. We also identified a diverse range of legume varieties available to smallholders in the region, with farmers having varying trait preferences based on crop type and gender. Notably, high yield and abiotic stress tolerance were the most preferred traits. The adoption of these varieties, however, is influenced by various factors, including lack of timely access to seeds in adequate quantities from the formal seed system, high seed costs, and limited information on new varieties. The reviewed literature highlighted that utilizing improved legume varieties had a positive effect on smallholders, leading to improved welfare, food security, dietary diversity, and income. We conclude that the effective scaling of legume systems in SSA is contingent upon the presence of supportive policy frameworks and well-established technical support structures.

Graphical Abstract

Packets of legume seeds within a legume germplasm and breeding program at the University of Zambia (Photo by Caitlin Breen, 2022).

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来源期刊
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Agronomy for Sustainable Development 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
8.20%
发文量
108
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Agronomy for Sustainable Development (ASD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of international scope, dedicated to publishing original research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses aimed at improving sustainability in agricultural and food systems. The journal serves as a bridge between agronomy, cropping, and farming system research and various other disciplines including ecology, genetics, economics, and social sciences. ASD encourages studies in agroecology, participatory research, and interdisciplinary approaches, with a focus on systems thinking applied at different scales from field to global levels. Research articles published in ASD should present significant scientific advancements compared to existing knowledge, within an international context. Review articles should critically evaluate emerging topics, and opinion papers may also be submitted as reviews. Meta-analysis articles should provide clear contributions to resolving widely debated scientific questions.
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