Bruno Baur , Anette Baur , Peter Stoll , Hans-Peter Rusterholz
{"title":"非外来入侵植物 Reynoutria japonica 和 Impatiens glandulifera 新鲜叶片和衰老叶片上的腹足类食草动物","authors":"Bruno Baur , Anette Baur , Peter Stoll , Hans-Peter Rusterholz","doi":"10.1016/j.actao.2024.103995","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In invaded regions, the introduced non-native plants <em>Reynoutria japonica</em> and <em>Impatiens glandulifera</em> show little grazing damage, most likely due to the absence of specialized herbivores and the deterrent effect of secondary metabolites on generalist herbivores. The low degree of grazing damage has been explained by the non-mutually exclusive enemy-release and novel weapon hypotheses. We tested assumptions of these hypotheses by conducting a series of preference tests in which leaf samples from <em>R. japonica</em>, <em>I. glandulifera,</em> and the native <em>Urtica dioica</em> were offered to five species of generalist gastropods (the native <em>Arianta arbustorum</em>, <em>Cepaea nemoralis</em> and <em>Fruticicola fruticum</em>, and the non-native invasive <em>Hygromia cinctella</em> and <em>Arion vulgaris</em>). In addition, we determined the C/N-ratio and total phenolic compounds (as a surrogate of secondary metabolites) of the plant species. In the choice experiment with fresh leaf samples, all snail species showed a preference for <em>U. dioica</em>, with the exception of the non-native invasive slug <em>A. vulgaris</em>, which ate leaf tissue from <em>I. gladulifera</em> almost as much as from <em>U. dioica</em>. The snails’ preference of <em>U. dioica</em> was even more pronounced when the fresh weight of leaf material eaten was considered. No-choice tests with either fresh or dead <em>R. japonica</em> leaves showed that most individuals of all species ate small amounts of fresh leaves, but less of dead leaves. In contrast, no-choice tests with either fresh or senescent <em>I. glandulifera</em> leaf tissue showed that individuals of all five gastropod species consumed larger amounts of senescent leaves than fresh leaves, probably because secondary compounds have been broken down or leached or the leaf texture has changed. The low susceptibility of these non-native invasive plants to the gastropods can most likely be explained by a combination of chemical and physical plant characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 103995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Gastropod grazing on fresh and senescent leaves of non-native invasive plants Reynoutria japonica and Impatiens glandulifera\",\"authors\":\"Bruno Baur , Anette Baur , Peter Stoll , Hans-Peter Rusterholz\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.actao.2024.103995\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In invaded regions, the introduced non-native plants <em>Reynoutria japonica</em> and <em>Impatiens glandulifera</em> show little grazing damage, most likely due to the absence of specialized herbivores and the deterrent effect of secondary metabolites on generalist herbivores. The low degree of grazing damage has been explained by the non-mutually exclusive enemy-release and novel weapon hypotheses. We tested assumptions of these hypotheses by conducting a series of preference tests in which leaf samples from <em>R. japonica</em>, <em>I. glandulifera,</em> and the native <em>Urtica dioica</em> were offered to five species of generalist gastropods (the native <em>Arianta arbustorum</em>, <em>Cepaea nemoralis</em> and <em>Fruticicola fruticum</em>, and the non-native invasive <em>Hygromia cinctella</em> and <em>Arion vulgaris</em>). In addition, we determined the C/N-ratio and total phenolic compounds (as a surrogate of secondary metabolites) of the plant species. In the choice experiment with fresh leaf samples, all snail species showed a preference for <em>U. dioica</em>, with the exception of the non-native invasive slug <em>A. vulgaris</em>, which ate leaf tissue from <em>I. gladulifera</em> almost as much as from <em>U. dioica</em>. The snails’ preference of <em>U. dioica</em> was even more pronounced when the fresh weight of leaf material eaten was considered. No-choice tests with either fresh or dead <em>R. japonica</em> leaves showed that most individuals of all species ate small amounts of fresh leaves, but less of dead leaves. In contrast, no-choice tests with either fresh or senescent <em>I. glandulifera</em> leaf tissue showed that individuals of all five gastropod species consumed larger amounts of senescent leaves than fresh leaves, probably because secondary compounds have been broken down or leached or the leaf texture has changed. The low susceptibility of these non-native invasive plants to the gastropods can most likely be explained by a combination of chemical and physical plant characteristics.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55564,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology\",\"volume\":\"123 \",\"pages\":\"Article 103995\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X24000171\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X24000171","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
在入侵地区,引进的非本地植物 Reynoutria japonica 和 Impatiens glandulifera 几乎没有受到放牧的破坏,这很可能是由于没有专门的食草动物以及次生代谢物对一般食草动物的威慑作用。非相互排斥的敌害释放假说和新型武器假说解释了放牧损害程度低的原因。我们进行了一系列偏好测试,将 R. japonica、I. glandulifera 和本地荨麻的叶片样本提供给五种泛食性腹足类动物(本地 Arianta arbustorum、Cepaea nemoralis 和 Fruticicola fruticum,以及非本地入侵的 Hygromia cinctella 和 Arion vulgaris),以检验这些假说的假设性。此外,我们还测定了植物物种的 C/N 比率和总酚化合物(作为次生代谢物的替代物)。在新鲜叶片样本的选择实验中,所有蜗牛物种都表现出对 U. dioica 的偏爱,只有非本地入侵的蛞蝓 A. vulgaris 例外,它吃 I. gladulifera 的叶片组织几乎与吃 U. dioica 的叶片组织一样多。如果考虑到被吃掉的叶片材料的鲜重,蜗牛对 U. dioica 的偏爱甚至更加明显。用新鲜或枯萎的 R. japonica 叶子进行的无选择试验表明,所有物种的大多数个体都吃了少量新鲜叶子,但吃枯萎叶子的较少。与此相反,用新鲜或衰老的 I. glandulifera 叶子组织进行的无选择测试表明,所有五种腹足类动物都食用了比新鲜叶子更多的衰老叶子,这可能是因为次生化合物已被分解或浸出,或者叶子的质地发生了变化。这些非本地入侵植物对腹足类动物的低易感性很可能是由植物的化学和物理特性共同造成的。
Gastropod grazing on fresh and senescent leaves of non-native invasive plants Reynoutria japonica and Impatiens glandulifera
In invaded regions, the introduced non-native plants Reynoutria japonica and Impatiens glandulifera show little grazing damage, most likely due to the absence of specialized herbivores and the deterrent effect of secondary metabolites on generalist herbivores. The low degree of grazing damage has been explained by the non-mutually exclusive enemy-release and novel weapon hypotheses. We tested assumptions of these hypotheses by conducting a series of preference tests in which leaf samples from R. japonica, I. glandulifera, and the native Urtica dioica were offered to five species of generalist gastropods (the native Arianta arbustorum, Cepaea nemoralis and Fruticicola fruticum, and the non-native invasive Hygromia cinctella and Arion vulgaris). In addition, we determined the C/N-ratio and total phenolic compounds (as a surrogate of secondary metabolites) of the plant species. In the choice experiment with fresh leaf samples, all snail species showed a preference for U. dioica, with the exception of the non-native invasive slug A. vulgaris, which ate leaf tissue from I. gladulifera almost as much as from U. dioica. The snails’ preference of U. dioica was even more pronounced when the fresh weight of leaf material eaten was considered. No-choice tests with either fresh or dead R. japonica leaves showed that most individuals of all species ate small amounts of fresh leaves, but less of dead leaves. In contrast, no-choice tests with either fresh or senescent I. glandulifera leaf tissue showed that individuals of all five gastropod species consumed larger amounts of senescent leaves than fresh leaves, probably because secondary compounds have been broken down or leached or the leaf texture has changed. The low susceptibility of these non-native invasive plants to the gastropods can most likely be explained by a combination of chemical and physical plant characteristics.
期刊介绍:
Acta Oecologica is venue for the publication of original research articles in ecology. We encourage studies in all areas of ecology, including ecosystem ecology, community ecology, population ecology, conservation ecology and evolutionary ecology. There is no bias with respect to taxon, biome or geographic area. Both theoretical and empirical papers are welcome, but combinations are particularly sought. Priority is given to papers based on explicitly stated hypotheses. Acta Oecologica also accepts review papers.