现代持久性杀虫剂--不同化学类别的代表--土壤中医疗卫生规定的科学依据

M. Korshun, Y. Martіianova, O. Korshun
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Three stages of research were carried out: mathematical modeling of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen migration from soil to adjacent environments; laboratory hygienic experiment to examine studied substances behavior in systems «soil – plants», «soil - atmospheric air» and substantiation of their threshold concentrations in soil according to the translocation, air-migration and water-migration indicators of harmfulness; impact study of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen on the nitrifying activity of leached chernozem and setting their threshold concentrations according to the general sanitary indicator of harmfulness. Results. It was experimentally established that the threshold concentrations in soil according to the water-migration indicator of harmfulness are the concentrations of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen of 0.02 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:对医疗卫生法规中现代持久性杀虫剂在土壤中的最大允许浓度进行科学论证:三唑酮类中的氨基脲、三酮类中的双环酮和吡唑羧酰胺类中的吡虫啉。材料和方法。研究分为三个阶段:建立氨基脲、双环唑酮和吡虫啉从土壤向邻近环境迁移的数学模型;进行实验室卫生实验,检查所研究物质在 "土壤-植物"、"土壤-大气 "系统中的行为,并根据迁移、空气迁移和水迁移的有害性指标,确定其在土壤中的阈值浓度;研究氨基脲、双环唑酮和吡虫啉对沥滤 Chernozem 硝化活性的影响,并根据一般有害性卫生指标确定其临界浓度。结果。实验确定,根据水迁移有害性指标,土壤中的阈值浓度分别为 0.02 毫克/千克、0.01 毫克/千克和 0.06 毫克/千克。通过数学模型计算得出的双甲脒(0.05 毫克/千克)、双环唑酮(0.02 毫克/千克)和吡虫啉(0.05 毫克/千克)的阈值浓度与实验测定的浓度非常接近,这证明所应用的计算方法具有相当高的预测能力。根据水迁移有害性指标得出的土壤中双甲脒、双环唑酮和吡虫啉的阈值浓度与根据易位指标得出的阈值浓度(0.2毫克/千克、0.25毫克/千克和0.12毫克/千克)、空气迁移(分别为0.05毫克/千克、1.0毫克/千克和1.2毫克/千克)和一般卫生(分别为0.2毫克/千克、0.05毫克/千克和0.12-0.6毫克/千克)指标的阈值浓度最低。因此,所研究物质在环境中迁移的主要环节是 "土壤-地下水 "系统。结论根据水迁移的有害性限制指标,土壤中的氨基甲酸乙酯、双环唑酮和吡虫啉的最大允许迁移量分别为 0.02 毫克/千克、0.01 毫克/千克和 0.06 毫克/千克是科学合理的。根据所研究物质的建议用量和处理频率,在农作物种植过程中使用植物保护产品不会对人类健康造成危害,不会对地下水、农业原料和大气造成污染,也不会破坏乌克兰实际土壤气候条件下土壤对含氮有机物的自净过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Scientific substantiation of the medical-sanitary regulations in the soil of modern persistent pesticides - representatives of different chemical classes
The aim: scientific substantiation of the medical-sanitary regulations is the maximum permissible concentration in soil of modern persistent pesticides: amicarbazone from the class of triazolones, bicyclopyrone from the class of triketones and pydiflumetofen from the class of pyrazolecarboxamides. Materials and methods. Three stages of research were carried out: mathematical modeling of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen migration from soil to adjacent environments; laboratory hygienic experiment to examine studied substances behavior in systems «soil – plants», «soil - atmospheric air» and substantiation of their threshold concentrations in soil according to the translocation, air-migration and water-migration indicators of harmfulness; impact study of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen on the nitrifying activity of leached chernozem and setting their threshold concentrations according to the general sanitary indicator of harmfulness. Results. It was experimentally established that the threshold concentrations in soil according to the water-migration indicator of harmfulness are the concentrations of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen of 0.02 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated threshold concentrations of amicarbazone (0.05 mg/kg), bicyclopyrone (0.02 mg/kg) and pydiflumetofen (0.05 mg/kg), which were obtained by mathematical modeling, turned out to be very close to experimentally determined ones, which proves a rather high prognostic ability of the applied calculation method. The threshold concentration in soil of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen according to the water-migration indicator of harmfulness turned out to be the lowest compared to the threshold concentrations according to the translocation (0.2 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg and 0.12 mg/kg, respectively), air-migration (0.05 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively) and general sanitary (0.2 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg and in the range 0.12-0.6 mg/kg, respectively) indicators of harmfulness. Therefore, the leading link of studied substance migration in the environment is the «soil – groundwater» system. Conclusions. The MPC of amicarbazone, bicyclopyrone and pydiflumetofen in soil is scientifically justified at the level of 0.02 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively, according to the limiting water-migration indicator of harmfulness. Based on the studied substances in the recommended consumption rates and frequency of treatments the usage of plant protection products in the cultivation of agricultural crops will not lead to dangerous to human health contamination of groundwater, agricultural raw materials and atmospheric air, it will not cause a violation of the processes of self-cleaning of soil from nitrogen-containing organic substances in real soil-climatic conditions in Ukraine.
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