文章:半导体供应链的 "友商 "和 "再生":美国CHIPS法案与多边贸易体系

Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.54648/gtcj2024029
Arnav Sharma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国于 2022 年出台的《半导体和科学生产创新激励法案》(CHIPS)是一揽子新立法的一部分,旨在实现美国的再工业化,并保持其在包括半导体在内的先进垂直技术领域的霸主地位。该法案为希望在美国建立、更新或扩大从事半导体生产相关活动的设施的实体提供了多种财政激励措施。该法案旨在遏制受益人与中国等 "令人担忧的国家 "之间的任何关联,并阻止与这些国家打交道的实体从中受益。CHIPS 法案》等措施可能会与基于国际规则的贸易体系发生冲突。与此同时,绕过贸易规则的创新方法也可能带来自己的后果。它们凸显了基于规则的贸易体系在为供应链问题提供有效补救措施方面的弱点。在这方面,文章简要讨论了半导体供应链,并追溯了其在本地化/"友商"/"近岸 "政策背景下的复杂性。 CHIPS 法案、半导体、供应链、"友商"、"近岸"、"转岸"、产业政策、国际贸易法、世贸组织、供应链中断、美国
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Article: Friendshoring and Reshoring Semiconductor Supply Chains: US CHIPS Act and the Multilateral Trading System
TheUnited States’ CreatingHelpful incentives to Produce Semiconductors and Sciences Act (CHIPS) Act, introduced in 2022, is a part of the package of new legislations aimed at reindustrialization of the United States (US) and maintaining its position as a hegemon across advanced technology verticals including semiconductors. The Act provides multiple fiscal incentives to entities that wish to set up, modernize or expand facilities engaged in semiconductor production related activities in the US. The Act intends to curb any nexus of beneficiaries with ‘a country of concern’ such as China and it blocks benefits for an entity dealing with such countries. Apart from reshoring capacities the Act also frontlines US strategy to friendshoring semiconductor supply chains.Measures like the CHIPS Act may clash with the international rules-based trading system. Parallelly, the innovative ways to bypass the trade rules may come with their own consequences. They highlight the weakness of the rules-based trading system in providing effective remedies for supply chain issues. In this regard, the article briefly discusses the semiconductor supply chain and traces its sophisticated nature in the context of localization/ally-shoring/onshoring policies. CHIPS Act, Semiconductors, Supply Chains, Friendshoring, Nearshoring, Reshoring, Industrial Policy, International Trade Law, WTO, Supply chain disruption, United States
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