Optimal decarbonisation pathway for mining truck fleets

The fossil fuel powered mining truck fleets can contribute up to 80% of total emissions in open pit mines. This study investigates the optimal decarbonisation pathway for mining truck fleets. Notably, our proposed pathway incorporates power generation, negative carbon technologies, and carbon trading. Technical, financial, and environmental models of decarbonisation technologies are established, capturing regional variations and time dynamic characteristics such as cost trends and carbon capture efficiency. The dynamic natures of characteristics pose challenges for using the cost-effective analyses approach to find the optimal decarbonisation pathway. To address this, we introduce a mixed-integer programming optimisation framework to find the decarbonisation pathway with minimum life cycle costs during the planning period. A case study for the optimal decarbonisation pathway of truck fleets in a South African coal mine is conducted to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model. Results indicate that the optimal decarbonisation pathway is significantly influenced by factors such as land cost, annual budget, and carbon trading prices. The proposed method provides invaluable guidance for transitioning towards a cleaner and more sustainable mining industry.