Genetic determinants of atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, the pathogenesis of which is associated with mutations of genes encoding structural proteins of the epidermis, barrier enzymes and their inhibitors. The article analyzes data from the works of various authors on the study of gene expression in atopic dermatitis, and notes the role of genes regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as environmental factors inducing the disease. Recent studies indicate a key role of epigenetic changes in the development of the disease. Epigenetic modifications are mainly mediated by DNA methylation, histone acetylation and the action of specific non-coding RNAs. It has been documented that the profile of epigenetic changes in patients with atopic dermatitis differs from that observed in healthy individuals. Understanding epigenetic changes is critical for developing personalized treatment strategies.