Energy Balanced Self-Organizing Networks Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is developing rapidly with wider application fields. IoT’s main infrastructure is called a wireless sensor network (WSN). Hence, WSN must be able to operate on various network models. Multi-hop clustering is considered a solution for adapting to various network sizes. Multi-hop clustering must be designed to maintain the balance of energy consumption between nodes, and many algorithms have been proposed for this purpose. However, most clustering algorithms are designed with the assumption that the network is a two-dimensional plane. In many applications, WSN is more appropriately modeled as a three-dimensional (3D) network, for example, the WSN application for structural health monitoring or underwater wireless sensor networks. Here, a clustering algorithm for 3D-WSN is proposed. This algorithm is developed based on an analysis of the balance of energy consumption, such that the network lifetime is expected to be longer. The main novelty of our algorithm is the utilization of multi-hop layered transmission. From the simulation, the performance of the proposed algorithm exhibits a good energy balance compared to an un-balanced analysis.