抽水蓄能系统使用可逆涡轮机械的技术经济分析

Simone Parisi, N. Desai, Fredrik Haglind
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摘要

本文旨在评估抽水蓄能(PTES)不同循环配置的技术经济性能,包括充电电费的影响。采用了可逆透平机械,以降低系统的资本成本。对使用不同工作流体的布雷顿循环和使用氨的亚临界朗肯循环进行了比较。对液态和填料床蓄热进行了研究。最初为有机朗肯循环的涡轮机建立的一种新的透平机械成本相关性,被用于压缩机和可逆机械。这种相关性基于机器的级数和物理尺寸,在估算时考虑了热力学和机械限制。结果表明,在发电厂规模为 50 兆瓦、放电持续时间为 8 小时的情况下,采用液体存储和氦气作为工作流体的布雷顿系统的平准化存储成本最低,为 0.138 美元/千瓦时,这主要是由于液体的高导热性。研究发现,由于压力容器成本高,填料床热能储存系统比液体储存系统更昂贵。不过,在这一持续时间内,锂离子电池的成本可能更低。结果表明,基于朗肯循环系统的平准化储能成本略高,为 0.151 美元/千瓦时。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF USING REVERSIBLE TURBOMACHINERY FOR PUMPED THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
The objective of this paper is to assess the techno-economic performance of different cycle configurations for pumped thermal energy storage (PTES), including the effects of charging electricity cost. Reversible turbomachinery was employed to reduce the capital cost of the system. Brayton cycles with different working fluids and a subcritical Rankine cycle operating with ammonia were compared. Both liquid and packed bed thermal storage were investigated. A new cost correlation for turbomachines, initially established for the turbines of organic Rankine cycles, was developed for compressors and reversible machines. This correlation is based on the number of stages and physical size of the machine, which were estimated considering thermodynamic as well as mechanical limitations. The results indicate that for a plant size of 50 MW and a discharge duration of 8 hours, the Brayton system with liquid storage and helium as a working fluid has the lowest levelized cost of storage at 0.138/$kWh, mainly due to the high thermal conductivity of the fluid. Packed bed thermal energy storage systems were found to be more expensive than liquid storage systems due to the large cost of the pressure vessels, with cost parity reached at a discharge duration of 4 hours. However, at this duration lithium-ion batteries are likely to be cheaper. The results suggest that the levelized cost of storage for the Rankine cycle based system is slightly higher at 0.151/$kWh.
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