Francisco Gilberto Erthal Risi, C. M. Hüther, C. Righi, R. C. Umburanas, T. Tezotto, D. Dourado Neto, Klaus Reichardt, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira
{"title":"巴西中西部大豆-玉米继代作物氮利用效率的可持续性分析","authors":"Francisco Gilberto Erthal Risi, C. M. Hüther, C. Righi, R. C. Umburanas, T. Tezotto, D. Dourado Neto, Klaus Reichardt, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira","doi":"10.3390/nitrogen5010016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is abundant in the atmosphere as N2, which is converted into reactive forms (Nr) for plant assimilation. In pre-industrial times, atmospheric N2 conversion to Nr balanced Nr reconversion to N2, but 20th-century human activity intensified this conversion via synthetic fertilizers, biological N2 fixation, and fossil fuel burning. The surplus of Nr detrimentally impacts ecosystems and human well-being. This study aimed to assess the N use efficiency in the soil–plant system of the soybean-corn succession (SPSS,C) in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil’s midwest. We estimated N macrofluxes in SPSS,C and identified key agro-environmental indicators. Between 2008 and 2020, the yearly sowed area for the SPSS,C increased by 3.3-fold (currently 7.3 million ha). The average annual input of net anthropogenic Nr, average annual N balance, and N loss in SPSS,C was estimated to be ~204 kg [N] ha−1, 57 kg [N] ha−1, and 30 kg [N] ha−1, respectively, indicating persistent N accumulation and loss. The average results of the agronomic efficiency and N retention indicator in the SPSS,C was 0.71 and 0.90, respectively. Modest N use efficiency results reflect N loss effects. Despite these limitations, there are opportunities in SPSS,C for management strategies to reduce N loss and enhance efficiency.","PeriodicalId":509275,"journal":{"name":"Nitrogen","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sustainability Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Soybean-Corn Succession Crops of Midwest Brazil\",\"authors\":\"Francisco Gilberto Erthal Risi, C. M. Hüther, C. Righi, R. C. Umburanas, T. Tezotto, D. Dourado Neto, Klaus Reichardt, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/nitrogen5010016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Nitrogen (N) is abundant in the atmosphere as N2, which is converted into reactive forms (Nr) for plant assimilation. In pre-industrial times, atmospheric N2 conversion to Nr balanced Nr reconversion to N2, but 20th-century human activity intensified this conversion via synthetic fertilizers, biological N2 fixation, and fossil fuel burning. The surplus of Nr detrimentally impacts ecosystems and human well-being. This study aimed to assess the N use efficiency in the soil–plant system of the soybean-corn succession (SPSS,C) in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil’s midwest. We estimated N macrofluxes in SPSS,C and identified key agro-environmental indicators. Between 2008 and 2020, the yearly sowed area for the SPSS,C increased by 3.3-fold (currently 7.3 million ha). The average annual input of net anthropogenic Nr, average annual N balance, and N loss in SPSS,C was estimated to be ~204 kg [N] ha−1, 57 kg [N] ha−1, and 30 kg [N] ha−1, respectively, indicating persistent N accumulation and loss. The average results of the agronomic efficiency and N retention indicator in the SPSS,C was 0.71 and 0.90, respectively. Modest N use efficiency results reflect N loss effects. Despite these limitations, there are opportunities in SPSS,C for management strategies to reduce N loss and enhance efficiency.\",\"PeriodicalId\":509275,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nitrogen\",\"volume\":\"56 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nitrogen\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010016\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nitrogen","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010016","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainability Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Soybean-Corn Succession Crops of Midwest Brazil
Nitrogen (N) is abundant in the atmosphere as N2, which is converted into reactive forms (Nr) for plant assimilation. In pre-industrial times, atmospheric N2 conversion to Nr balanced Nr reconversion to N2, but 20th-century human activity intensified this conversion via synthetic fertilizers, biological N2 fixation, and fossil fuel burning. The surplus of Nr detrimentally impacts ecosystems and human well-being. This study aimed to assess the N use efficiency in the soil–plant system of the soybean-corn succession (SPSS,C) in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil’s midwest. We estimated N macrofluxes in SPSS,C and identified key agro-environmental indicators. Between 2008 and 2020, the yearly sowed area for the SPSS,C increased by 3.3-fold (currently 7.3 million ha). The average annual input of net anthropogenic Nr, average annual N balance, and N loss in SPSS,C was estimated to be ~204 kg [N] ha−1, 57 kg [N] ha−1, and 30 kg [N] ha−1, respectively, indicating persistent N accumulation and loss. The average results of the agronomic efficiency and N retention indicator in the SPSS,C was 0.71 and 0.90, respectively. Modest N use efficiency results reflect N loss effects. Despite these limitations, there are opportunities in SPSS,C for management strategies to reduce N loss and enhance efficiency.