埃基蒂州立大学教学医院将血液透析作为治疗慢性肾病的一种选择:一项回顾性研究

Funmilayo A. Ibitoba, O. Akpor, Agatha O. Ogunkorode, Aderemi Y. Bello, Omotomilola O. Ogunyemi
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摘要

在过去二十年里,由于相关风险因素的增加,慢性肾脏病(CKD)的发病率已飙升至约 13%。处理不当的慢性肾脏病会发展为终末期肾病,需要进行肾脏替代治疗,而血液透析是最常见的治疗方式。本研究调查了尼日利亚西南部一家医疗机构的 5 年血液透析记录。研究数据收集自透析登记簿和病例研究,研究对象为 2017 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间在埃基蒂州立大学教学医院透析中心连续透析的患者。研究采用非结构化表格提取数据。在 2017 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间,共有 152 名患者进行了 1600 次血液透析。超过四分之一的患者是公务员,男性多于女性(P = 0.3325)。慢性肾脏病是血液透析的主要适应症,高血压是其主要原因,而产后出血是急性肾损伤的最常见原因。只有 3.3% 的患者拥有永久性动静脉瘘通路。值得注意的是,47.2%的患者失去了随访机会,29.8%的患者通过转诊或自行决定转往其他中心,18.6%的患者死于与慢性肾脏病相关的并发症。不过,截至 2021 年 12 月,仍有 4.4% 的患者在该中心接受透析治疗。血液透析次数相对较少,但却改善了患者的治疗效果。建议定期随访并提供政府补贴,以减轻患者负担。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hemodialysis as a treatment option for chronic kidney disease in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital: a retrospective study
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has surged to approximately 13 % in the past two decades due to an increase in associated risk factors. Poorly managed CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating renal replacement therapy, with hemodialysis being the most common form. This study examines a 5-year record of hemodialysis in a healthcare facility in southwest Nigeria. Study data were collected from dialysis register and case study of patients that were consecutively dialyzed at the dialysis centre of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital between January 2017 and December 2021. Unstructured proforma was used to extract data for the study. There was a total of 152 patients and 1600 hemodialysis sessions between January 2017 and December 2021. More than a quarter of the patients were civil servants and there were more males than females (p = 0.3325). CKD was the major indication for hemodialysis with hypertension as its main cause while post-partum hemorrhage was the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Only 3.3 % of the patients had permanent access of arteriovenous fistula. Notably, 47.2 % of the patients were lost to follow-up, 29.8 % left to other centres by either referral or self-decision, while 18.6 % died of CKD-related complications. Nevertheless, 4.4 % patients were still dialyzing in the Centre as of December 2021. Comparatively fewer hemodialysis sessions occurred, yet they led to improved patient outcomes. Regular follow-ups and government subsidies are recommended to ease patient burdens.
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