{"title":"高压气体中产生失控电子的最佳条件","authors":"A. Kozyrev, V. Tarasenko","doi":"10.3390/plasma7010013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for RAE occurrence at high pressures are analyzed, and recommendations are given for the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEBs were recorded using oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To theoretically describe the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics was used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. The results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of the research presented here allow RAE accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, five sections, the Conclusion, and the References.","PeriodicalId":509984,"journal":{"name":"Plasma","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases\",\"authors\":\"A. Kozyrev, V. Tarasenko\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/plasma7010013\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for RAE occurrence at high pressures are analyzed, and recommendations are given for the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEBs were recorded using oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To theoretically describe the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics was used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. The results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of the research presented here allow RAE accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
高压气体中产生的失控电子(RAE)是一种重要的物理现象,对放电形状和引发等离子体的特性有很大影响。在大气压下的空气和其他气体中,由失控电子形成的扩散放电得到了广泛的应用。在本综述中,分析了解释高压下发生 RAE 的原因的理论和实验结果,并就在大气压下获得最大电流的失控电子束(RAEB)的实施条件提出了建议。实验结果是使用亚纳秒、纳秒和亚微秒发生器(包括专门为失控电子发生而开发的发生器)获得的。使用示波器和具有皮秒时间分辨率的收集器记录了 RAEB。为了从理论上描述连续电子加速现象,使用了基于波尔兹曼动力学方程的物理动力学方法,该方程考虑了最少但足够数量的基本过程,包括冲击气体电离和弹性电子散射。建模结果确定了控制 RAE 出现的主要因素,其中最重要的是电子对中性原子和/或分子的散射。理论建模考虑到了各种参数(包括电压、压力、气体类型和放电间隙的几何特征)的影响。本文介绍的研究成果可以开发出具有理想参数的 RAE 加速器,并在各种条件下获得扩散放电的可能性。综述包括导言、五个部分、结论和参考文献。
Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases
Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for RAE occurrence at high pressures are analyzed, and recommendations are given for the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEBs were recorded using oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To theoretically describe the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics was used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. The results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of the research presented here allow RAE accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, five sections, the Conclusion, and the References.