Hydrological dynamics and water resource availability in the Rift Valley Lakes Basin (Ethiopia), using a WEAP model

This study aims to assess hydrologic dynamics and the water resource potential of the Rift Valley Lakes Basin (RVLB) in Ethiopia using the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model. The surface water of the RVLB comprises streamflow and an open water system. The model was configured with 13 catchments and a monthly time series of 1981–2022, to address the spatial variability of rainfall–runoff interaction. Statistical performance indicators were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model in simulating streamflows and the results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 0.82 to 0.93, Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ranges from 0.68 to 0.86, percentage of bias (PBIAS) ranges from −9.45 to −1.85, standard deviation ratio (RSR) ranges from 0.35 to 0.59, and index of agreement (IA) ranges from 0.62 to 0.84. The available surface water for abstraction is 358 million cubic meters (MCM) available as lake water abstraction and 6,534 MCM as streamflow water, making it a total surface water flow of 6,892 MCM. Considering the temporal distribution of the surface water sources, 67.5% is available in the rainy season, June–October and 32.5% during the dry period, November–May in the basin.