全球变暖对撒哈拉以南非洲可持续畜牧业生产的影响

S. Africa, M. A. Ayoola, T. R. Fayeye, O. A. Dada
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引用次数: 0

摘要

动物生产相关活动排放的温室气体已成为全球变暖的重要原因。这可归因于食品消费模式的转变给整个大陆带来的巨大负担。与畜牧生产相关的人为活动排放了 37% 的甲烷 (CH4)、9% 的二氧化碳 (CO2),并消耗了全球 8% 的水资源。据估计,饲料和畜牧业产生的二氧化碳总量达 71 亿吨。撒哈拉以南非洲地区实现可持续畜牧业生产的潜力正受到全球变暖的威胁,因此有必要充分利用牲畜品种,将本地牲畜的耐热性与外来牲畜的高产奶性结合起来(杂交),培育出改良牲畜品种。撒哈拉以南非洲地区的畜牧业生产系统中应包括改善战略,如战略性地补充日粮、使遗传学与特定系统相匹配,以及对粪便进行管理,以提高牲畜的生产率。地理信息系统(GIS)技术的使用也将有助于获得有关小农易感性的理想结果。最后,有必要改变政策,以促进当地畜牧业农民在有利环境条件下的生计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
The greenhouse gas emissions from Animal production related activities has turn out to be an important cause of global warming. This can be attributed to the continent-wide massive burdens arising from the switch in food consumption pattern. Anthropogenic activitiesrelated to livestock production contribute 37% of methane (CH4) emission, 9% of carbon dioxide (CO2) output and utilize 8% of the world water. An estimated aggregate of 7.1 billion tonnes of CO2 are generated by the feed and livestock industries. The effect of global warming is presently being experienced such as unstable rainfall pattern, drought, extended walk in search of pasture and water, coupled with significant impact on livestock productivity (rate of weight gainand milk production potentials).The potential of Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve sustainable animal production is being threatened by global warming, it is. therefore necessary to leverage on the use of livestock breed that combine the heat tolerance of the local stock with the high milk yield of the exotic breed (crossbreeding) to produce an improved breed of livestock. Ameliorative strategies such as strategic supplementation of diets, matching genetics to specific systems and management of manure with potential to improve productivity of livestock should be included into livestock production systems in the Sub-Sahara Africa. The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques will also assist to acquire ideal results on susceptibility of smallholder farmers. Finally, there is the need for shift in policy to promote the livelihood of indigenous livestock farmers under favourable environmental conditions.
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