更改所有同名鸟类和其他生物名称的做法非常不受欢迎

Kevin Winker
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摘要

华盛顿特区的《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)刊登了 Foley & Rutter(2020 年)关于取消所有同名英文鸟类名称的提议。Fears(2021 年)在同一份报纸上报道说,一些英语鸟名,尤其是同名鸟名中延续着种族主义和殖民主义的历史,一场社会运动正在努力改变这些鸟名。这些文章引发了数百条在线评论。我对这些评论进行了情感分析,以量化公众对这一提议和话题的反应。在给 Foley & Rutter(2020 年)的 340 条评分评论中,负面意见以 3.36:1 的比例超过了正面意见。根据意见的相对程度(-3、-2、-1、0、1、2、3)对意见进行评分,得出的平均分数为-1.18。这些结果表明,这项提议的行动在这些读者中非常不受欢迎,并造成了明显的分歧。对《恐惧》(2021 年)一文的 570 条评分评论也呈负向倾斜(2.3:1),但程度较轻(平均分-0.58)。在两篇文章的评论中,该问题的政治化和左右为难的性质十分普遍,这表明该话题立即被带入了文化战争(即自由派和保守派在文化问题上的冲突)。该话题的分裂性在自我认同的左倾受访者中也很明显。由于《华盛顿邮报》是一份左倾报纸,因此这些结果很可能低估了公众对这一提案的否定态度。同样,Guedes 等人(2023 年)呼吁取消所有同名生物名称,对该文章评论的情感分析显示,90% 的评论者表示反对。我们需要更多类似的数据。广泛取消对同名生物名称的纪念可能会带来负面影响,而不是积极的结果(例如,通过不对称的两极分化和文化战争)。我们还必须问:排斥与我们观点不同的人是否能实现我们的包容性目标?什么时候可以接受通过改变我们共同的生物多样性语言基础设施中的关键术语来剥夺他人来之不易的知识?还有更具建设性的方法来解决多样性、公平性和包容性问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The inordinate unpopularity of changing all eponymous bird and other organismal names
A proposal by Foley & Rutter (2020) to eliminate all eponymous English bird names was published in the Washington Post, a Washington D.C. newspaper. Fears (2021) reported in this same newspaper that a racist and colonialist history is perpetuated in some English bird names, especially eponyms, and that a social movement is working to change those names. These articles generated hundreds of online comments. I used sentiment analysis on these comments to quantify public reaction to this proposal and topic. Among the 340 scored comments to Foley & Rutter (2020), negative opinions outnumbered positive ones by 3.36:1. Scoring comments by relative magnitude of their sentiment (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3) yielded an average score of -1.18. These results indicate this proposed action is very unpopular among these readers and causes pronounced divisiveness. The 570 scored comments to the Fears (2021) article were also negatively skewed (2.3:1), though less so (average score -0.58). Politicization and the left-right nature of the issue were rampant in the comments on both articles, indicating that the subject was immediately brought into the culture wars (i.e., conflict between liberal and conservative groups over cultural issues). The divisive nature of the topic was also evident within self-identified left-leaning respondents. These results likely underestimate public negativity to this proposal, because the Washington Post is a left-leaning newspaper. Similarly, Guedes et al. (2023) called for eliminating all eponymous organismal names, and a sentiment analysis of comments about that article was even more starkly negative, showing 90 % of commenters opposed. More data like these are needed. There is considerable risk that broadly de-commemorating eponymous organismal names will create more negative than positive outcomes (e.g., through asymmetric polarization and the culture wars). We must also ask: does excluding people who do not share our views achieve our objective of inclusiveness? When is it acceptable to take away someone’s hard-won knowledge by changing key terms in our shared biodiversity linguistic infrastructure? There are more constructive ways to address diversity, equity and inclusion.
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