Sentienla Imsong, Punazungba Imsong, Swapnali Hazarika, M. Indira Devi
{"title":"利用声化学方法轻松合成八水合碳酸镧和纳米氧化镧:系统表征","authors":"Sentienla Imsong, Punazungba Imsong, Swapnali Hazarika, M. Indira Devi","doi":"10.1515/zpch-2023-0396","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n <jats:p>This study could present the size and morphology of two synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) by observing their smallest possible dimensions. Lanthanum carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical method through the interaction of lanthanum acetate hydrate and sodium carbonate in an aqueous medium with a probe sonicator. After rigorous washing followed by drying, the La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O(S1) NPs were calcined at a temperature of 600 °C to obtain lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (S2). Both NPs were characterised through various instrumental techniques. PXRD study showed orthorhombic with space group of <jats:italic>Pccn</jats:italic> (56) and hexagonal phases with space group of <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_zpch-2023-0396_ineq_001\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>P</m:mi>\n <m:mover accent=\"true\">\n <m:mn>3</m:mn>\n <m:mo>‾</m:mo>\n </m:mover>\n <m:mi>m</m:mi>\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:tex-math>\n$P\\overline{3}m1$\n</jats:tex-math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_zpch-2023-0396_ineq_001.png\" />\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula>(164) for S1 and S2 respectively whose morphology and elemental analysis were studied through FESEM and EDX. High resolution TEM image of La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O and La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> showed spherical shapes of the nanoparticles. Further study of XPS and FTIR conveyed detailed information of both nanoparticles whose TGA-DSC showed three step decomposition curves. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles have been found to have a distinct morphology and are found comparatively smaller in size than those observed in the earlier reported works (Table 1\n<jats:table-wrap id=\"j_zpch-2023-0396_tab_001\">\n <jats:label>Table 1:</jats:label>\n <jats:caption>\n <jats:p>Comparative study of synthesized lanthanum carbonate and lanthanum oxide NPs with various techniques applied by other researchers.</jats:p>\n </jats:caption>\n <jats:table frame=\"hsides\">\n <jats:colgroup>\n <jats:col align=\"left\" />\n <jats:col align=\"left\" />\n <jats:col align=\"left\" />\n <jats:col align=\"left\" />\n <jats:col align=\"left\" />\n <jats:col align=\"left\" />\n </jats:colgroup>\n <jats:thead>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:th align=\"left\">Sl. no.</jats:th>\n <jats:th align=\"left\">Name of NPs</jats:th>\n <jats:th align=\"left\">Methods</jats:th>\n <jats:th align=\"left\">Conditions</jats:th>\n <jats:th align=\"left\">Size of NP</jats:th>\n <jats:th align=\"left\">Reference</jats:th>\n </jats:tr>\n </jats:thead>\n <jats:tbody>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"22\">1</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">Sonochemical method</jats:td>\n <jats:td>Time: 25 min</jats:td>\n <jats:td>\n <jats:bold>XRD:</jats:bold>\n <jats:italic>Pccn</jats:italic> (56) <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> = 8.9840 Å<jats:break />\n <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> = 9.5800 Å<jats:break />\n <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 17.0000 Å</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">This work</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Temperature: 301 K</jats:td>\n <jats:td>\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: 24.102 nm</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Starting materials:<jats:break />(a) La(CH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>: 0.050 M<jats:break />(b) Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>:0.050 M</jats:td>\n <jats:td>\n <jats:bold>TEM</jats:bold>:<jats:break />\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: 4–30 nm</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\n </jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">Reverse micelles</jats:td>\n <jats:td>Time: 1 h</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">\n <jats:bold>XRD</jats:bold>:<jats:break />\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: nanoparticles absent</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">[20]</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Temperature: 303 K</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Starting materials:<jats:break />(a) Triton X-100<jats:break />(b) Cyclohexane<jats:break />(c) n-butylalcohol<jats:break />(d) La(NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3(aq)</jats:sub>\n <jats:break />e) NaCO<jats:sub>3(aq)</jats:sub>\n </jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">Hydrothermal</jats:td>\n <jats:td>Time: 2–5 days</jats:td>\n <jats:td>\n <jats:bold>XRD</jats:bold>:<jats:break />\n <jats:italic>Pccn a</jats:italic> = 8.984 Å<jats:break />\n <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> = 9.580 Å<jats:break />\n <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 17.00 Å</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">[21]</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Temperature: 773 K</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"2\">\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: nanoparticles absent</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Prepared by slow hydrolysis of La(CCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\n </jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·1.4H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">Hydrothermal</jats:td>\n <jats:td>Time: 1 h 30 min</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">Structure unknown</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"3\">[22]</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Temperature: 368 K</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Starting material:<jats:break />(a) La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\n <jats:break />(b) HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\n <jats:break />(c) Urea</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"4\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·1.7H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"4\">Sonochemical</jats:td>\n <jats:td>Time: 30 min</jats:td>\n <jats:td>\n <jats:bold>XRD:</jats:bold>\n <jats:break />\n <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> = 8.990 Å<jats:break />\n <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 9.675 Å</jats:td>\n <jats:td rowspan=\"4\">[23]</jats:td>\n </jats:tr>\n <jats:tr>\n <jats:td>Temperature: not specified</jats:td>\n <jats:td>\n <jats:bold>","PeriodicalId":506520,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Facile synthesis of lanthanum carbonate octahydrate and lanthanum oxide nanoparticles by sonochemical method: systematic characterizations\",\"authors\":\"Sentienla Imsong, Punazungba Imsong, Swapnali Hazarika, M. Indira Devi\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/zpch-2023-0396\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"\\n <jats:p>This study could present the size and morphology of two synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) by observing their smallest possible dimensions. Lanthanum carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical method through the interaction of lanthanum acetate hydrate and sodium carbonate in an aqueous medium with a probe sonicator. After rigorous washing followed by drying, the La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O(S1) NPs were calcined at a temperature of 600 °C to obtain lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (S2). Both NPs were characterised through various instrumental techniques. PXRD study showed orthorhombic with space group of <jats:italic>Pccn</jats:italic> (56) and hexagonal phases with space group of <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_zpch-2023-0396_ineq_001\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" overflow=\\\"scroll\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>P</m:mi>\\n <m:mover accent=\\\"true\\\">\\n <m:mn>3</m:mn>\\n <m:mo>‾</m:mo>\\n </m:mover>\\n <m:mi>m</m:mi>\\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:tex-math>\\n$P\\\\overline{3}m1$\\n</jats:tex-math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_zpch-2023-0396_ineq_001.png\\\" />\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula>(164) for S1 and S2 respectively whose morphology and elemental analysis were studied through FESEM and EDX. High resolution TEM image of La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O and La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> showed spherical shapes of the nanoparticles. Further study of XPS and FTIR conveyed detailed information of both nanoparticles whose TGA-DSC showed three step decomposition curves. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles have been found to have a distinct morphology and are found comparatively smaller in size than those observed in the earlier reported works (Table 1\\n<jats:table-wrap id=\\\"j_zpch-2023-0396_tab_001\\\">\\n <jats:label>Table 1:</jats:label>\\n <jats:caption>\\n <jats:p>Comparative study of synthesized lanthanum carbonate and lanthanum oxide NPs with various techniques applied by other researchers.</jats:p>\\n </jats:caption>\\n <jats:table frame=\\\"hsides\\\">\\n <jats:colgroup>\\n <jats:col align=\\\"left\\\" />\\n <jats:col align=\\\"left\\\" />\\n <jats:col align=\\\"left\\\" />\\n <jats:col align=\\\"left\\\" />\\n <jats:col align=\\\"left\\\" />\\n <jats:col align=\\\"left\\\" />\\n </jats:colgroup>\\n <jats:thead>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:th align=\\\"left\\\">Sl. no.</jats:th>\\n <jats:th align=\\\"left\\\">Name of NPs</jats:th>\\n <jats:th align=\\\"left\\\">Methods</jats:th>\\n <jats:th align=\\\"left\\\">Conditions</jats:th>\\n <jats:th align=\\\"left\\\">Size of NP</jats:th>\\n <jats:th align=\\\"left\\\">Reference</jats:th>\\n </jats:tr>\\n </jats:thead>\\n <jats:tbody>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"22\\\">1</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">Sonochemical method</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>Time: 25 min</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>\\n <jats:bold>XRD:</jats:bold>\\n <jats:italic>Pccn</jats:italic> (56) <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> = 8.9840 Å<jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> = 9.5800 Å<jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 17.0000 Å</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">This work</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Temperature: 301 K</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>\\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: 24.102 nm</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Starting materials:<jats:break />(a) La(CH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>: 0.050 M<jats:break />(b) Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>:0.050 M</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>\\n <jats:bold>TEM</jats:bold>:<jats:break />\\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: 4–30 nm</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\\n </jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">Reverse micelles</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>Time: 1 h</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">\\n <jats:bold>XRD</jats:bold>:<jats:break />\\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: nanoparticles absent</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">[20]</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Temperature: 303 K</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Starting materials:<jats:break />(a) Triton X-100<jats:break />(b) Cyclohexane<jats:break />(c) n-butylalcohol<jats:break />(d) La(NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3(aq)</jats:sub>\\n <jats:break />e) NaCO<jats:sub>3(aq)</jats:sub>\\n </jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·8H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">Hydrothermal</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>Time: 2–5 days</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>\\n <jats:bold>XRD</jats:bold>:<jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>Pccn a</jats:italic> = 8.984 Å<jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> = 9.580 Å<jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 17.00 Å</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">[21]</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Temperature: 773 K</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"2\\\">\\n <jats:bold>Size</jats:bold>: nanoparticles absent</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Prepared by slow hydrolysis of La(CCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\\n </jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·1.4H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">Hydrothermal</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>Time: 1 h 30 min</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">Structure unknown</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"3\\\">[22]</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Temperature: 368 K</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Starting material:<jats:break />(a) La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\\n <jats:break />(b) HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>\\n <jats:break />(c) Urea</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"4\\\">La<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>(CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>·1.7H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"4\\\">Sonochemical</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>Time: 30 min</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>\\n <jats:bold>XRD:</jats:bold>\\n <jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> = 8.990 Å<jats:break />\\n <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 9.675 Å</jats:td>\\n <jats:td rowspan=\\\"4\\\">[23]</jats:td>\\n </jats:tr>\\n <jats:tr>\\n <jats:td>Temperature: not specified</jats:td>\\n <jats:td>\\n <jats:bold>\",\"PeriodicalId\":506520,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie\",\"volume\":\"13 4\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Zeitschrift für Physikalische 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究通过观察两种合成纳米粒子(NPs)的最小尺寸,展示了它们的尺寸和形态。碳酸镧纳米粒子是通过声化学法,在水介质中用探针声波仪使水合醋酸镧和碳酸钠相互作用而合成的。La2(CO3)3-8H2O(S1) 纳米粒子经过严格的洗涤和干燥后,在 600 °C 的温度下煅烧,得到氧化镧纳米粒子(S2)。通过各种仪器技术对这两种 NPs 进行了表征。PXRD 研究显示,S1 和 S2 分别为空间群为 Pccn 的正方晶相(56)和空间群为 P 3 ‾ m 1 $P\overline{3}m1$ 的六方晶相(164),并通过 FESEM 和 EDX 对其形貌和元素分析进行了研究。La2(CO3)3-8H2O 和 La2O3 的高分辨率 TEM 图像显示纳米颗粒呈球形。对 XPS 和傅立叶变换红外光谱的进一步研究提供了这两种纳米粒子的详细信息,其 TGA-DSC 显示了三步分解曲线。合成纳米粒子的尺寸和形态具有明显的形态特征,其尺寸相对小于早期报告的作品(表 1 表 1:合成的碳酸镧和氧化镧 NPs 与其他研究人员应用的各种技术的比较研究。 序号 NPs 名称 方法 条件 NP 尺寸 参考 1 La2(CO3)3-8H2O 声化学法 时间:25 分钟 XRD:Pccn (56) a = 8.9840 Å b = 9.5800 Å c = 17.0000 Å 本作品 温度:301 K 尺寸:24.102 nm 起始材料:(a) La(CH3COO)2:0.050 M(b) Na2CO3:0.050 M TEM:尺寸:4-30 nm La2(CO3)3 反胶束 时间:1 h XRD:尺寸:无纳米颗粒 [20] 温度:303 K 起始材料:(a) La(CH3COO)2:0.050 M(b) Na2CO3:0.050 M303 K 起始材料:(a) Triton X-100(b)环己烷(c) 正丁醇(d) La(NO3)3(aq) e) NaCO3(aq) La2(CO3)3-8H2O 水热时间:2-5 天 XRD:Pccn a = 8.984 Å b = 9.580 Å c = 17.00 Å [21] 温度:773 K 尺寸:无纳米颗粒 通过缓慢水解 La(CCl3COO)3 La2(CO3)3-1.
Facile synthesis of lanthanum carbonate octahydrate and lanthanum oxide nanoparticles by sonochemical method: systematic characterizations
This study could present the size and morphology of two synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) by observing their smallest possible dimensions. Lanthanum carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical method through the interaction of lanthanum acetate hydrate and sodium carbonate in an aqueous medium with a probe sonicator. After rigorous washing followed by drying, the La2(CO3)3·8H2O(S1) NPs were calcined at a temperature of 600 °C to obtain lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (S2). Both NPs were characterised through various instrumental techniques. PXRD study showed orthorhombic with space group of Pccn (56) and hexagonal phases with space group of P3‾m1
$P\overline{3}m1$
(164) for S1 and S2 respectively whose morphology and elemental analysis were studied through FESEM and EDX. High resolution TEM image of La2(CO3)3·8H2O and La2O3 showed spherical shapes of the nanoparticles. Further study of XPS and FTIR conveyed detailed information of both nanoparticles whose TGA-DSC showed three step decomposition curves. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles have been found to have a distinct morphology and are found comparatively smaller in size than those observed in the earlier reported works (Table 1
Table 1:Comparative study of synthesized lanthanum carbonate and lanthanum oxide NPs with various techniques applied by other researchers.Sl. no.Name of NPsMethodsConditionsSize of NPReference1La2(CO3)3·8H2OSonochemical methodTime: 25 minXRD:Pccn (56) a = 8.9840 Åb = 9.5800 Åc = 17.0000 ÅThis workTemperature: 301 KSize: 24.102 nmStarting materials:(a) La(CH3COO)2: 0.050 M(b) Na2CO3:0.050 MTEM:Size: 4–30 nmLa2(CO3)3Reverse micellesTime: 1 hXRD:Size: nanoparticles absent[20]Temperature: 303 KStarting materials:(a) Triton X-100(b) Cyclohexane(c) n-butylalcohol(d) La(NO3)3(aq)e) NaCO3(aq)La2(CO3)3·8H2OHydrothermalTime: 2–5 daysXRD:Pccn a = 8.984 Åb = 9.580 Åc = 17.00 Å[21]Temperature: 773 KSize: nanoparticles absentPrepared by slow hydrolysis of La(CCl3COO)3La2(CO3)3·1.4H2OHydrothermalTime: 1 h 30 minStructure unknown[22]Temperature: 368 KStarting material:(a) La2O3(b) HNO3(c) UreaLa2(CO3)3·1.7H2OSonochemicalTime: 30 minXRD:a = 8.990 Åc = 9.675 Å[23]Temperature: not specified