Alternating Current-Electric Field Inducing Chorio Allantoic Membrane (CAM) Angiogenesis through Exogenous Growth Factor Intervention

Angiogenesis is widely used in various therapies by promoting or inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels. The use of Alternating Current-Electric Fields (AC-EF) in Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) showed its potential as an anti-cancer device, and is characterized by its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the role of AC-EF in angiogenesis remains unclear. To investigate the effects of AC-EF on CAM angiogenesis, we used the ex ovo culture method of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). A basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) dose of 30 ng/µL was administered as an exogenous growth factor. The ECCT device, generating AC-EF of 150 kHz and 18 Vpp, was exposed to the CAMs. Subsequently, the 24 CAMs of chick embryo were divided into four groups. Two groups were non-bFGF-induced CAM, while the other two were bFGF-induced CAM, and each group was exposed either with or without AC-EF. The vascularization was evaluated through macroscopic observation, while vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene expression was measured using qPCR. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with GraphPad Prism 9.5. The results showed that an AC-EF exposure had no effects on normal CAM angiogenesis (P>0.05). Moreover, VEGFA gene expression did not show significant upregulation (P>0.05) in the bFGF-induced CAM with or without AC-EF exposure. Interestingly, the number of new blood vessels was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the bFGF-induced with AC-EF exposure than in the non-bFGF-induced group. In conclusion, AC-EF of ECCT did not affect normal angiogenesis. AC-EF may trigger CAM angiogenesis with bFGF induction. This observation suggested that AC-EF of intermediate frequency could enhance angiogenesis by administration of external growth factors, offering a potential avenue for addressing obstructive vascular conditions.