使用基于非线性优化的减冲程调谐振动吸收器的浮式海上风力涡轮机塔架挠度减缓方法比较

Energies Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI:10.3390/en17061507
P. Martynowicz, G. Katsaounis, S. Mavrakos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与陆基风力涡轮机相比,浮式海上风力涡轮机(FOWT)的振动现象更为严重,因此,塔架疲劳和强度是浮式海上风力涡轮机(FOWT)运行的关键问题。浮式海上风力涡轮机塔架受到波浪和风的多周期扰动,会产生持续的瞬态结构振动,这对减振系统来说具有挑战性。因此,本文针对基于张力腿平台(TLP)的全尺寸 NREL 5 兆瓦风力涡轮机塔架-机舱模型,研究了基于非线性优化的振动控制解决方案的新实施方案。该结构受到了过大的波浪和风力激励,并考虑了在波浪槽中进行的模型试验得出的浮动平台运动。磁滞阻尼器与电磁力致动器同时工作(形成混合 TVA)或独立工作(半主动 TVA)。研究包括致动器的非线性和动力学,其中前者嵌入了基于汉密尔顿原理的非线性控制解决方案。TVA 可根据 NREL 5MW 塔机舱第一弯曲模式频率(TVA-TN)或 TLP 浪涌频率(TVA-TLP)进行调整。重新开发了有关 TVA 冲程和瞬态振动最小化的优化控制任务,包括实施受保护结构的加速度和相对位移项,以及质量指标中的非零速度项。所考虑的模型被嵌入到 MATLAB/Simulink 环境中。根据获得的结果,TVA-TN 解决方案远远优于 TVA-TLP 解决方案。所有 TVA-TN 解决方案都能提供约 2 的塔架挠度安全系数,而没有任何减振解决方案或采用被动 TVA-TLP 的参考系统与混合 TVA-TLP 系统一样,都存在塔架结构失效的风险。与之前开发的方法相比,半主动/混合 TVA-TN 案例的 TVA 冲程减幅分别为 25.7%/22.0% 和 3.6%/10.3% 的最大塔架挠度减幅。此外,这些挠度的减少都是通过增强控制算法实现的,因此无需额外资源,同时所需的 MR 阻尼力也有所减少。新引入的半主动控制保证了 1.66 米的最低 TVA 冲程振幅。由于使用了功率相对较低(约 6 千瓦)的力致动器,其混合等效装置可确保主结构偏转幅度降低 8%,并降低了机舱加速度水平;其代价是 TVA 冲程幅度增加到 2.19 米,但在所有测试的混合解决方案中是最低的。所分析的参考无源 TVA 系统以及改进的地钩混合解决方案很难在机舱内实施(尤其是在要求较高的侧边方向)。后者作为稳态塔架挠度最小化的成熟混合解决方案,其结果并不令人满意。研究成果可用于有效设计基于 TLP 的浮动风力涡轮机结构的全尺寸减振系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparison of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Tower Deflection Mitigation Methods Using Nonlinear Optimal-Based Reduced-Stroke Tuned Vibration Absorber
Tower fatigue and strength are crucial operational concerns of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) due to the escalation of the vibration phenomena observed on these structures as compared to land-based ones. FOWT towers are excited by wave and wind polyperiodic disturbances yielding continual transient states of structural vibration that are challenging for vibration mitigation systems. Thus, the paper investigates a novel implementation of nonlinear optimal-based vibration control solutions for the full-scale, tension leg platform (TLP)-based, NREL 5MW wind turbine tower-nacelle model with a 10-ton tuned vibration absorber (TVA), equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper, located at the nacelle. The structure is subjected to excessive wave and wind excitations, considering floating platform motions derived from model experiments in a wave tank. The MR damper operates simultaneously with an electromagnetic force actuator (forming a hybrid TVA) or independently (a semiactive TVA). The study includes both actuators’ nonlinearities and dynamics, whereby the former are embedded in the Hamilton-principle-based nonlinear control solutions. The TVA is tuned either to the NREL 5MW tower-nacelle 1st bending mode frequency (TVA-TN) or to the TLP surge frequency (TVA-TLP). The optimal control task was redeveloped concerning the TVA stroke and transient vibration minimisation, including the implementation of the protected structure’s acceleration and relative displacement terms, as well as the nonzero velocity term in the quality index. The regarded model is embedded in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. On the basis of the obtained results, the TVA-TN solution is by far superior to the TVA-TLP one. All the regarded TVA-TN solutions provide a tower deflection safety factor of ca. 2, while reference systems without any vibration reduction solutions or with a passive TVA-TLP are at risk of tower structural failure as well as the hybrid TVA-TLP system. The obtained TVA stroke reductions of 25.7%/22.0% coincide with 3.6%/10.3% maximum tower deflection reductions for the semiactive/hybrid TVA-TN case (respectively) with regard to the previously developed approaches. Moreover, these reductions are obtained due to the sole control algorithm enhancement; thus, no additional resources are necessary, while this attainment is accompanied by a reduction in the required MR damper force. The lowest obtained TVA stroke amplitude of 1.66 m is guaranteed by the newly introduced semiactive control. Its hybrid equivalent ensures 8% lower primary structure deflection amplitude and reduced nacelle acceleration levels thanks to the utilisation of the force actuator of the relatively low power (ca. 6 kW); the trade-off is an increased TVA stroke amplitude of 2.19 m, which, however, is the lowest among all the tested hybrid solutions. The analysed reference passive TVA systems, along with a modified ground-hook hybrid solution, can hardly be implemented in the nacelle (especially along the demanding side–side direction). The latter, being the well-proven hybrid solution for steady-state tower deflection minimisation, yielded unsatisfactory results. The achievements of the study may be used for an effective design of a full-scale vibration reduction system for the TLP-based floating wind turbine structure.
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