否认作为一种言语行为的分类法

Yassine Khaya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对 "否认 "在言语行为理论中的分类进行了批判性研究,主张将其从断言性言语行为重新定义为指令性言语行为。根据奥斯汀(J.L. Austin,1962 年)建立并由塞尔(John Searle,1969 年,1979 年)进一步发展的基本原则,本研究将塞尔的十二个方面的言语行为应用于 "否认"。通过这一分析框架,本文证明了 "否认 "超越了对命题的单纯否定,积极地参与到改变听者的信念或行动中,这是指令行为的固有特征。分析强调了否定的双重性质,它不仅对给定命题提出质疑,更重要的是,它还努力影响听者的观点或行为。这一重新评价挑战了传统观点,并丰富了语言语用学的论述,主张对言语行为的分类采取一种更细致入微、对语境更敏感的方法。通过将 "否认 "重新归类为指令,本研究有助于加深对交际实践的理解,强调社会互动中语言的策略性使用以及交际中言语行为的复杂动态。这一重新评估呼吁对言语行为分类进行更广泛的重新考虑,标志着在语言语用学中更全面地表述语言功能迈出了一步,并为未来的研究开辟了道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Taxonomy of Denial as a Speech Act
This paper presents a critical examination of the classification of Denial within Speech Act Theory, advocating for its redefinition from an assertive to a directive speech act. Drawing upon the foundational principles established by J.L. Austin (1962) and further developed by John Searle (1969, 1979), the study applies Searle's twelve dimensions of illocutionary acts to Denial. Through this analytical framework, the paper demonstrates that Denial transcends the mere negation of propositions, actively engaging in modifying the hearer's beliefs or actions, a characteristic inherent to directive acts. The analysis highlights the dual nature of Denial, which not only contests a given proposition but also, and more importantly, endeavours to influence the listener's perspective or behaviour. This re-evaluation challenges traditional views and enriches the discourse on linguistic pragmatics by advocating for a more nuanced and context-sensitive approach to speech act classification. By reclassifying Denial as a directive, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of communicative practices, emphasising the strategic use of language in social interactions and the complex dynamics of speech acts in communication. This reassessment calls for a broader reconsideration of speech act classifications, marking a step towards a more comprehensive representation of language functions within linguistic pragmatics and opening avenues for future research.
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