同伴养育对群居猕猴异常活动和物种适宜活动的持续影响,而非社交行为的持续影响

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2016-04-01
Sharon A Bauer, Kate C Baker
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摘要

对猕猴(Macaca mulatta)进行保育饲养会改变其行为,但由于母体排斥或死亡、研究方案或衍生 SPF 群体等原因,有必要进行保育饲养。杜兰国家灵长类动物研究中心(Tulane National Primate Research Center)饲养着一个不含 9 种病原体的苗期饲养群和一个不含 4 种病原体的母体饲养群,从而为评估不同饲养方式的结果提供了机会。育幼猕猴与2只同伴和1只人工代养猕猴持续接触(同伴饲养)。对32只同伴饲养猕猴和40只母亲饲养猕猴(年龄1至10岁;未成年组,4岁以下;成年组,4岁或以上)的行为进行了重点采样(432小时)。所有动物都在室外饲养,组成3至8只猕猴的同类社会群体。与预期相反,没有发现饲养对隶属或激动的社会行为有影响。与母亲饲养的猕猴相比,同伴饲养的两个年龄组的猕猴的异常食欲、异常自我定向和进食行为水平都有所提高,而定位和警觉(对周围环境中的活动高度警觉)水平则有所降低;同时还发现猕猴的觅食行为有减少的趋势。未成年猴(而非成年猴)在同伴饲养下表现出更多的富集行为和饮酒行为,并有更多的焦虑行为和不活动的趋势。在成年猴身上没有发现未成年猴身上没有发现的新的饲养效应。研究结果表明,现代同伴养育方法可能不会不可避免地导致攻击行为、与等级有关的行为、性行为和情绪行为的紊乱。然而,异常行为一旦出现,就可能是终生的问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Persistent Effects of Peer Rearing on Abnormal and Species-Appropriate Activities but Not Social Behavior in Group-Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Nursery rearing of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) alters behaviors but may be necessitated by maternal rejection or death, for research protocols, or for derivation of SPF colonies. The Tulane National Primate Research Center maintains a nursery-reared colony that is free from 9 pathogens as well as a mother-reared colony free from 4 pathogens, thus affording an opportunity to assess the outcomes of differential rearing. Nursery-reared macaques had continuous contact with 2 peers and an artificial surrogate (peer rearing). Focal sampling (432 h) was collected on the behavior of 32 peer-reared and 40 mother-reared subjects (age, 1 to 10 y; immature group, younger than 4 y; adult group 4 y or older). All animals were housed outdoors in like-reared social groups of 3 to 8 macaques. Contrary to expectation, no rearing effects on affiliative or agonistic social behaviors were detected. Compared with mother-reared subjects, peer-reared macaques in both age classes had elevated levels of abnormal appetitive, abnormal self-directed, and eating behaviors and lower levels of locomoting and vigilance (highly alert to activities in surrounding environment); a trend toward reduced foraging was detected. Immature but not adult peer-reared monkeys demonstrated more enrichment-directed behavior and drinking and a trend toward more anxiety-related behavior and inactivity. No new rearing effects were detected in adults that had not been detected in immature subjects. Results suggest that modern peer-rearing practices may not result in inevitable perturbations in aggressive, rank-related, sexual, and emotional behavior. However, abnormal behaviors may be lifelong issues once they appear.

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