Seasonal field study on thermal comfort in university classrooms in Mediterranean climate

The assessment of indoor environmental conditions of educational buildings is not only essential to ensure the correct performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems but it is also fundamental to guarantee a suitable environment. This study aims to analyse the thermal comfort of students in teaching–learning spaces in university buildings with natural ventilation. A field measurement campaign and a questionnaire survey were carried out from September 2021 to June 2022 in educational buildings in southern Spain. The collected data were analysed and the neutral temperature in each season was obtained, based on the thermal sensation votes of 1966. The neutral temperatures found in this study were 23.5°C, 23.1°C, 23.3°C and 23.9°C, for autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. The ranges obtained for 90% acceptability in the winter season (21.1°C–25.1°C) provided lower temperature limits than the ranges obtained in the summer months (22.6°C–25.3°C). The highest values for clothing insulation were found in the autumn (0.90 clo) and winter (0.75 clo) seasons, compared to the spring (0.5 clo) and summer (0.4 clo) seasons. An adaptive thermal comfort model was applied. These findings could be used to improve thermal comfort and to optimise energy consumption according to the students’ actual thermal perception.