International connection, local disconnection: The (heterogeneous) role of global cities in local and global innovation networks

Global cities function as important international innovation hubs and are key nodes in international business networks. Yet this focus on international knowledge networks may render it less likely that global cities establish and maintain intensive local innovation linkages with their surrounding areas. We argue that while the relationship between the global network orientation of global cities and their local linkages with their surrounding areas is negative, the strength of this relationship depends global city and surrounding regions' knowledge base and the ease of local linkage formation. Global linkages are expected to be more detrimental to the establishment of local linkages if the global city is a global technology leader, but less so if the surrounding region has a greater innovation strength and is more proximate to the global city. We find partial support for these hypotheses in an analysis of the collaborative innovation linkages of 21 U.S. global cities with 310 surrounding counties, 2001–2015.