Recent advance in MOFs and MOF-based composites: synthesis, properties, and applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanostructured polycrystalline materials where metal particles or groups are connected by an organic substituent, known as a ‘strut’ or ‘crosslinks’ having large surface area, high permeability, adjustable porosity, and flexible performance. Understanding the interactions and arrangement of MOFs is crucial for efficiently and precisely developing high-performance materials for sustainable applications. In recent years, there has been significant research interest in MOFs as a highly adaptable material for developing renewable and alternative energy conservation and transformation technologies, addressing global pollution and the impending fuel issue. This article provides an overview of the synthesis methods, parameters and characteristics of materials related to MOFs. It also assesses the relationship between the structure and functionality, examining factors that can be manipulated to improve their photocatalytic activity. Various examples were used to classify and examine the practical uses of MOFs, providing researchers with a new viewpoint on the compositional interaction in materials using MOFs. Finally, this study comprehensively analyzes the emerging trends and unresolved challenges in MOFs research across various functionalities.