气候变化框架下不同干旱类型对水土保持服务的影响:中国荆河流域的启示

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Jizhou Bai, Jing Li, Hui Ran, Zixiang Zhou, Hui Dang, Cheng Zhang, Yuyang Yu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

严重的水土流失和干旱是影响中国黄土高原生态安全的两大主要因素。研究干旱对水土保持服务的影响对区域环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。然而,关于二者耦合关系的研究却很少。在本研究中,我们以中国精河流域为例,利用变量渗透法对气象干旱、水文干旱和农业干旱(分别以标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化径流指数(SRI)和标准化土壤水分指数(SSMI)表示)进行了定量评估、利用可变渗透能力(VIC)模型对历史时期(2000-2019 年)和未来时期(2026-2060 年)的土壤保持服务进行量化。5 和 RCP8.5)下的历史时期(2000-2019 年)和未来时期(2026-2060 年)。我们进一步研究了三种干旱类型在年度和季节尺度上对水土保持服务的影响。我们使用美国国家航空航天局地球交换全球每日降尺度预测(NEX-GDDP)数据集对 RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5 情景下未来时期的水文气象要素进行了预测和建模。结果表明,在历史时期,年尺度气象干旱强度最高,而季节尺度干旱一般在秋季最弱,夏季最严重。未来 40 年,三种类型的干旱强度都将增加,RCP4.5 情景下的增加幅度大于 RCP8.5 情景下的增加幅度。此外,与历史时期(2000-2019 年)相比,三种干旱类型的干旱强度在两种未来情景下的年内变异更小。水土保持服务呈现出西南部和东南部高、北部低的分布格局,这一格局在历史时期和未来时期都保持一致。在过去 20 年中,年际变化表现为夏季水土保持服务水平最高,冬季水土保持服务水平最低;泾河流域水土保持总量呈上升趋势,2019 年的水土保持总量是 2000 年的 1.14 倍。对水土保持服务影响最大的是年尺度的气象干旱,这在历史时期和未来时期都是一致的。此外,在季节尺度上,气象干旱在冬季和秋季对土壤保持服务的影响最大,尤其是在 RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5 情景下。与历史时期相比,未来时期荆河流域水土保持服务受干旱的影响面积和影响程度都将明显增加。本研究对流域干旱与水土保持服务的动态特征以及水土保持服务对不同类型干旱的响应进行了有益的评价和预测。厘清二者之间的相互关系,是实现荆河流域这样一个相对干旱、水土流失严重地区可持续发展的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Influence of varied drought types on soil conservation service within the framework of climate change: insights from the Jinghe River Basin, China

Severe soil erosion and drought are the two main factors affecting the ecological security of the Loess Plateau, China. Investigating the influence of drought on soil conservation service is of great importance to regional environmental protection and sustainable development. However, there is little research on the coupling relationship between them. In this study, focusing on the Jinghe River Basin, China as a case study, we conducted a quantitative evaluation on meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts (represented by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), and Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI), respectively) using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, and quantified the soil conservation service using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in the historical period (2000-2019) and future period (2026-2060) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We further examined the influence of the three types of drought on soil conservation service at annual and seasonal scales. The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) dataset was used to predict and model the hydrometeorological elements in the future period under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results showed that in the historical period, annual-scale meteorological drought exhibited the highest intensity, while seasonal-scale drought was generally weakest in autumn and most severe in summer. Drought intensity of all three types of drought will increase over the next 40 years, with a greater increase under the RCP4.5 scenario than under the RCP8.5 scenario. Furthermore, the intra-annual variation in the drought intensity of the three types of drought becomes smaller under the two future scenarios relative to the historical period (2000–2019). Soil conservation service exhibits a distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southwest and southeast and lower levels in the north, and this pattern has remained consistent both in the historical and future periods. Over the past 20 years, the intra-annual variation indicated peak soil conservation service in summer and lowest level in winter; the total soil conservation of the Jinghe River Basin displayed an upward trend, with the total soil conservation in 2019 being 1.14 times higher than that in 2000. The most substantial impact on soil conservation service arises from annual-scale meteorological drought, which remains consistent both in the historical and future periods. Additionally, at the seasonal scale, meteorological drought exerts the highest influence on soil conservation service in winter and autumn, particularly under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Compared to the historical period, the soil conservation service in the Jinghe River Basin will be significantly more affected by drought in the future period in terms of both the affected area and the magnitude of impact. This study conducted beneficial attempts to evaluate and predict the dynamic characteristics of watershed drought and soil conservation service, as well as the response of soil conservation service to different types of drought. Clarifying the interrelationship between the two is the foundation for achieving sustainable development in a relatively arid and severely eroded area such as the Jinghe River Basin.

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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
768
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Land is an international peer-reviewed journal co-sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press. It aims to meet the needs of researchers, students and practitioners in sustainable development and eco-environmental management, focusing on the arid and semi-arid lands in Central Asia and the world at large. The Journal covers such topics as the dynamics of natural resources (including water, soil and land, organism and climate), the security and sustainable development of natural resources, and the environment and the ecology in arid and semi-arid lands, especially in Central Asia. Coverage also includes interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, and the relationship between these natural processes and human activities. Also discussed are patterns of geography, ecology and environment; ecological improvement and environmental protection; and regional responses and feedback mechanisms to global change. The Journal of Arid Land also presents reviews, brief communications, trends and book reviews of work on these topics.
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