Who's doing more and when? Gender, parenting, and housework trajectories.

Drawing on five waves of longitudinal survey data (N = 520, 51% female, 39% with a university degree, 90% White), this study examined trajectories of women's and men's contributions to cooking, kitchen cleaning, grocery shopping, house cleaning, laundry, and overall housework from Age 25 to 50 years and explored time-invariant (traditional gender role attitudes, homemaker mother, mother and father education assessed at Age 18) and time-varying (raising children at Ages 25, 32, 43, and 50 years) predictors of housework trajectories. Growth curve analyses revealed that women contributed more to all housework tasks than men at Age 25, a gender gap maintained to Age 50. Housework increased to Age 32 and stabilized until Age 43 before declining by Age 50 for women's and men's laundry, women's kitchen cleaning, grocery shopping, and overall housework, and men's house cleaning. There was no change in women's and men's trajectory of cooking meals, women's house cleaning, and men's contributions to kitchen cleaning, grocery shopping, and overall housework. Traditional gender role attitudes, having a homemaker mother, and mother's and father's education inconsistently predicted women's and men's trajectories. Raising children, however, was consistently linked with within-person fluctuations in housework. When raising children, women contributed more than average to housework, whereas when men were raising children, they contributed less than normal. The results highlight a gendered pattern of housework evident in the twenties and persisting well into midlife, with parenthood widening the gap. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).