{"title":"液体金属与反应堆钢相互作用的有限元模型","authors":"O. A. Chikova, V. S. Wang, S. L. Li","doi":"10.1134/s1061933x23601154","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>The article discusses a model of the interaction between a liquid−metal coolant (Pb, Pb55Bi(e)) and a heat exchanger material (316L steel) in an SVBR-type nuclear reactor cooling device for the case in which the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement cannot be ignored. It is assumed that a crack propagates due to the penetration of the liquid-metal coolant into intergrain boundaries. The free energy of a wetted surface is calculated using the mean-field theory within the formalism of finite element analysis. Tensile stress <i>S</i> (MPa) is determined for the propagation of a crack 50 µm long from a defect in the form of a 0.15-mm scratch on the surface of the heat exchanger. The calculation is carried out for an operation temperature range of 900–1100 K, when the melt wets the steel. The values of <span>\\(S = 253{\\kern 1pt} -{\\kern 1pt} 358\\)</span> and <span>\\(210{\\kern 1pt} -{\\kern 1pt} 369\\,\\,~{\\text{MPa}}\\)</span> have been obtained for the interaction of Pb55Bi melts and Pb with 316L steel, respectively. The calculation results mean that a heat exchanger with surface defects can be damaged due to the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Finite Element Model for the Interaction of Liquid Metals with Reactor Steel\",\"authors\":\"O. A. Chikova, V. S. Wang, S. L. Li\",\"doi\":\"10.1134/s1061933x23601154\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Abstract—</h3><p>The article discusses a model of the interaction between a liquid−metal coolant (Pb, Pb55Bi(e)) and a heat exchanger material (316L steel) in an SVBR-type nuclear reactor cooling device for the case in which the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement cannot be ignored. It is assumed that a crack propagates due to the penetration of the liquid-metal coolant into intergrain boundaries. The free energy of a wetted surface is calculated using the mean-field theory within the formalism of finite element analysis. Tensile stress <i>S</i> (MPa) is determined for the propagation of a crack 50 µm long from a defect in the form of a 0.15-mm scratch on the surface of the heat exchanger. The calculation is carried out for an operation temperature range of 900–1100 K, when the melt wets the steel. The values of <span>\\\\(S = 253{\\\\kern 1pt} -{\\\\kern 1pt} 358\\\\)</span> and <span>\\\\(210{\\\\kern 1pt} -{\\\\kern 1pt} 369\\\\,\\\\,~{\\\\text{MPa}}\\\\)</span> have been obtained for the interaction of Pb55Bi melts and Pb with 316L steel, respectively. The calculation results mean that a heat exchanger with surface defects can be damaged due to the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":521,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Colloid Journal\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Colloid Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1061933x23601154\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Colloid Journal","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1061933x23601154","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Finite Element Model for the Interaction of Liquid Metals with Reactor Steel
Abstract—
The article discusses a model of the interaction between a liquid−metal coolant (Pb, Pb55Bi(e)) and a heat exchanger material (316L steel) in an SVBR-type nuclear reactor cooling device for the case in which the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement cannot be ignored. It is assumed that a crack propagates due to the penetration of the liquid-metal coolant into intergrain boundaries. The free energy of a wetted surface is calculated using the mean-field theory within the formalism of finite element analysis. Tensile stress S (MPa) is determined for the propagation of a crack 50 µm long from a defect in the form of a 0.15-mm scratch on the surface of the heat exchanger. The calculation is carried out for an operation temperature range of 900–1100 K, when the melt wets the steel. The values of \(S = 253{\kern 1pt} -{\kern 1pt} 358\) and \(210{\kern 1pt} -{\kern 1pt} 369\,\,~{\text{MPa}}\) have been obtained for the interaction of Pb55Bi melts and Pb with 316L steel, respectively. The calculation results mean that a heat exchanger with surface defects can be damaged due to the effect of liquid-metal embrittlement.
期刊介绍：
Colloid Journal (Kolloidnyi Zhurnal) is the only journal in Russia that publishes the results of research in the area of chemical science dealing with the disperse state of matter and surface phenomena in disperse systems. The journal covers experimental and theoretical works on a great variety of colloid and surface phenomena: the structure and properties of interfaces; adsorption phenomena and structure of adsorption layers of surfactants; capillary phenomena; wetting films; wetting and spreading; and detergency. The formation of colloid systems, their molecular-kinetic and optical properties, surface forces, interaction of colloidal particles, stabilization, and criteria of stability loss of different disperse systems (lyosols and aerosols, suspensions, emulsions, foams, and micellar systems) are also topics of the journal. Colloid Journal also includes the phenomena of electro- and diffusiophoresis, electro- and thermoosmosis, and capillary and reverse osmosis, i.e., phenomena dealing with the existence of diffusion layers of molecules and ions in the vicinity of the interface.
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