俄罗斯 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间流行季节从早期病例和重症病例中分离出的流感病毒对比分析(2019-2023 年)

Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI:10.3103/s089141682304002x
N. D. Boldyrev, A. S. Panova, N. P. Kolosova, A. V. Danilenko, S. V. Svyatchenko, G. S. Onkhonova, V. Yu. Marchenko, A. B. Ryzhikov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 流感病毒是呼吸道疾病最危险的病原体之一,对它的研究对流行病学控制非常重要,特别是在与 SARS-CoV-2 病毒共同流行的情况下。对俄罗斯 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间流行季节从早期病例和重症病例中分离出的流感病毒进行比较分析。文章基于2019-2023年获得的季节性流感病毒循环监测结果。采用实时 PCR 和全基因组测序技术对早期和重症流感病例样本进行了研究。对分离出的病毒进行了抗原表征,并研究了它们对抗病毒药物的敏感性。俄罗斯的 2019-2020 年流感季节是 COVID-19 大流行之前的最后一个流行季节,当时主要是乙型流感和甲型流感/H1 N1 pdm09 病毒共同流行。2020-2021 年流感大流行季节开始后,流感病毒在俄罗斯几乎消失,只有零星发现。2021-2022 年流感季节,A/H3N2 病毒(3C.2a1b.2a2 支系)占主导地位,2022-2023 年流感季节,A/Hi N1 pdm09 病毒(6B.1A.5a.2a 支系)占主导地位,B/Victoria 流感病毒(V1A.3a.2 支系)开始传播,这些病毒在抗原上与 COVID-19 大流行前的病毒不同。对与疾病严重程度增加有关的 A/H1N1pdm09 病毒血凝素中的 D222G/N 突变进行的遗传分析表明,在 2019-2020 流行季,D222G 和 D222N 突变的选择大致相当,而在 2022-2023 流行季,D222N 变体的发生率增加。与 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的共同流行、流感流通恢复到流行病水平、新抗原变异体和致病因素的出现,都强调有必要对流感病毒进行监测和研究,以便进行流行病学分析和预后,并制定和应用有效措施保护人群。
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Comparative Analysis of Influenza Viruses Isolated from Early and Severe Cases in Epidemic Seasons before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia (2019–2023)

Abstract

The influenza virus is one of the most dangerous causative agents of respiratory diseases, and its study is important for epidemiological control, especially in the case of cocirculation with SARS-CoV-2. Comparative analysis of influenza viruses isolated from early and severe cases in epidemic seasons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. The article is based on the results of monitoring the circulation of seasonal influenza viruses obtained in 2019–2023. Samples from early and severe cases of influenza were studied using real-time PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Antigenic characterization of isolated viruses was carried out, and their sensitivity to antiviral drugs was studied. The flu season of 2019–2020 in Russia was the last epidemic season before the COVID-19 pandemic with the predominant cocirculation of influenza B and influenza A/H1 N1 pdm09 viruses. After the onset of the pandemic in the 2020–2021 season, the influenza virus was practically absent in Russia and was detected sporadically. Virus circulation resumed in the 2021–2022 season with dominance of A/H3N2 (clade 3C.2a1b.2a2) and continued in the 2022–2023 season with the dominance of A/Hi N1 pdm09 (clade 6B.1A.5a.2a) and the spread of influenza B/Victoria viruses (clade V1A.3a.2), which were antigenically different from the viruses circulating before the COVID-19 pandemic. Genetic analysis of the D222G/N mutations in the hemagglutinin of the A/H1N1pdm09 viruses, which are associated with increased disease severity, revealed an approximately equivalent selection of the D222G and D222N mutations in the 2019–2020 season and increased occurrence of the D222N variant in the 2022–2023 season. Cocirculation with SARS-CoV-2, the return of influenza circulation to epidemic levels, the emergence of new antigenic variants and pathogenicity factors emphasize the need to monitor and study influenza viruses for epidemiological analysis and prognosis, as well as for the development and application of effective measures to protect the population.

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