氮肥难题:为什么产量不能很好地决定作物的氮肥需求量?

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Peter J. Thorburn, Jody S. Biggs, Laila A. Puntel, John E. Sawyer, Yvette L. Everingham, Sotirios V. Archontoulis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

施用氮肥既是农业系统高产的基础,也会对环境造成多种危害。寻找农民优化作物氮肥施用量的方法具有全球意义。在制定氮肥施用建议时,一个常见的概念是 "质量平衡范式"--即大作物需要更多的氮,小作物需要更少的氮--尽管有多项研究表明,最佳施氮量(Nopt)下的作物产量与 Nopt 关系不大。在这项研究中,我们模拟了两个对比鲜明的田间试验,在这两个试验中,作物在统一管理下分别连续生长了 5 年和 16 年,但在 Nopt 条件下的产量与 Nopt 的相关性很低。我们发现,在模拟实验中,相对于产量而言,环境中的氮损失量(即千克氮 t-1)分别为平均值的 +/- 124 % 和 164 %。相反,收获产品中输出的氮(千克氮吨-1)分别为平均值的 +/- 11% 和 48%。鉴于实验在不同时间的管理是一致的,这些差异是作物间气候差异造成的。这些结果首次提供了一个定量实例,说明气候原因对氮磷钾产量之间相关性差的重要性。这一结果的含义是,即使能准确预测下一季作物的产量,但由于环境氮损失和/或作物氮吸收量的变化,这对于确定农民需要施用的氮肥量也没有什么用处。这些结果以及以前的经验证据表明,氮肥最佳利用率和氮肥最佳利用率之间的相关性很差,这可能有助于工业界和农民转向更可靠的氮肥管理系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The nitrogen fertilizer conundrum: why is yield a poor determinant of crops’ nitrogen fertilizer requirements?

The nitrogen fertilizer conundrum: why is yield a poor determinant of crops’ nitrogen fertilizer requirements?

The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer both underpins high productivity of agricultural systems and contributes to multiple environmental harms. The search for ways that farmers can optimize the N fertilizer applications to their crops is of global significance. A common concept in developing recommendations for N fertilizer applications is the “mass balance paradigm” – that is, bigger crops need more N, and smaller less – despite several studies showing that the crop yield at the optimum N rate (Nopt) is poorly related to Nopt. In this study we simulated two contrasting field experiments where crops were grown for 5 and 16 consecutive years under uniform management, but in which yield at Nopt was poorly correlated to Nopt. We found that N lost to the environment relative to yields (i.e., kg N t-1) varied +/- 124 and 164 % of the mean in the simulations of the experiments. Conversely, N exported in harvested produce (kg N t-1) was +/- 11 and 48 % of the mean. Given the experiments were uniformly managed across time, the variations result from crop-to-crop climatic differences. These results provide, for the first time, a quantitative example of the importance of climatic causes of the poor correlation between yield at Nopt and Nopt. An implication of this result is that, even if yield of the coming crop could be accurately predicted it would be of little use in determining the amount of N fertilizer farmers need to apply because of the variability in environmental N losses and/or crop N uptake. These results, in addition to previous empirical evidence that yield at Nopt and Nopt are poorly correlated, may help industry and farmers move to more credible systems of N fertilizer management.

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来源期刊
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Agronomy for Sustainable Development 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
8.20%
发文量
108
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Agronomy for Sustainable Development (ASD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of international scope, dedicated to publishing original research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses aimed at improving sustainability in agricultural and food systems. The journal serves as a bridge between agronomy, cropping, and farming system research and various other disciplines including ecology, genetics, economics, and social sciences. ASD encourages studies in agroecology, participatory research, and interdisciplinary approaches, with a focus on systems thinking applied at different scales from field to global levels. Research articles published in ASD should present significant scientific advancements compared to existing knowledge, within an international context. Review articles should critically evaluate emerging topics, and opinion papers may also be submitted as reviews. Meta-analysis articles should provide clear contributions to resolving widely debated scientific questions.
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