miR-107 and miR-126 and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Micro RNAs are new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer research. miR-107 and miR-126 have been reported to be linked with the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The present study investigates the levels of expression of miR-107 and miR-126 in patients with breast cancer to find their correlation with the risk of breast cancer in Amritsar, Punjab, Northwest India. Material and Methods: In total, 200 subjects, 100 patients with breast cancer and 100 controls, were enrolled to screen the expression of miR-107 and miR-126 using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The Livak method (2^-ΔΔCt) was used to calculate the fold change of the expression of micro RNAs. Student t-test was used to calculate the significant change in the expression of miRNAs in patients as compared with controls. Spearman rank correlation coefficient and ROC were conducted. The value of p < 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results: miR-107 was downregulated in patients with breast cancer as compared with controls (fold change = 0.467; p = 0.114) but not statistically significant. The expression of miR-126 was found to be 5.37 times elevated in patients with breast cancer, specifically in stage I and stage III patients (p = 0.009), compared with controls, which may indicate its oncogenic activity. The ROC analyses revealed that miR-126 could be a potential diagnostic marker. In conclusion oncogenic behavior of miR-126 is suggestive of its role in pathogenesis in patients with breast cancer.