FATS: Feature Distribution Analysis-Based Test Selection for Deep Learning Enhancement

Deep Learning has been applied to many applications across different domains. However, the distribution shift between the test data and training data is a major factor impacting the quality of deep neural networks (DNNs). To address this issue, existing research mainly focuses on enhancing DNN models by retraining them using labeled test data. However, labeling test data is costly, which seriously reduces the efficiency of DNN testing. To solve this problem, test selection strategically selected a small set of tests to label. Unfortunately, existing test selection methods seldom focus on the data distribution shift. To address the issue, this paper proposes an approach for test selection named Feature Distribution Analysis-Based Test Selection (FATS). FATS analyzes the distributions of test data and training data and then adopts learning to rank (a kind of supervised machine learning to solve ranking tasks) to intelligently combine the results of analysis for test selection. We conduct an empirical study on popular datasets and DNN models, and then compare FATS with seven test selection methods. Experiment results show that FATS effectively alleviates the impact of distribution shifts and outperforms the compared methods with the average accuracy improvement of 19.6% $\sim$ 69.7% for DNN model enhancement.