Abeer F R Alanazi, Gary N Parkinson* and Shozeb Haider*,
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引用次数: 0
摘要
端粒是真核细胞中线性染色体末端的特殊结构,在维持基因组的稳定性和完整性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。端粒由重复的 DNA 序列、ssDNA 悬垂和几种相关蛋白质组成。端粒的长度与人体细胞的衰老有关,端粒的维护缺陷与各种疾病相关。端粒上的关键结构基序可以保护脆弱的染色体末端。端粒 DNA 还能在富含 C 的互补链中形成多种复杂的 DNA 高阶结构,包括 T 环、D 环、R 环、G 环、G-四重链和 i-motif。虽然端粒上的许多重要蛋白质已被确定,但它们之间错综复杂的相互作用和结构细节仍未被完全理解。本视角重点介绍了在理解人类端粒相关结构方面的最新进展。它强调了端粒的重要性,探讨了各种端粒结构模式,并深入研究了端粒和端粒酶的结构生物学。此外,还讨论了端粒环、其拓扑结构以及有助于保护端粒的相关蛋白质。
Structural Motifs at the Telomeres and Their Role in Regulatory Pathways
Telomeres are specialized structures, found at the ends of linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells, that play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and integrity of genomes. They are composed of repetitive DNA sequences, ssDNA overhangs, and several associated proteins. The length of telomeres is linked to cellular aging in humans, and deficiencies in their maintenance are associated with various diseases. Key structural motifs at the telomeres serve to protect vulnerable chromosomal ends. Telomeric DNA also has the ability to form diverse complex DNA higher-order structures, including T-loops, D-loops, R-loops, G-loops, G-quadruplexes, and i-motifs, in the complementary C-rich strand. While many essential proteins at telomeres have been identified, the intricacies of their interactions and structural details are still not fully understood. This Perspective highlights recent advancements in comprehending the structures associated with human telomeres. It emphasizes the significance of telomeres, explores various telomeric structural motifs, and delves into the structural biology surrounding telomeres and telomerase. Furthermore, telomeric loops, their topologies, and the associated proteins that contribute to the safeguarding of telomeres are discussed.
期刊介绍:
Biochemistry provides an international forum for publishing exceptional, rigorous, high-impact research across all of biological chemistry. This broad scope includes studies on the chemical, physical, mechanistic, and/or structural basis of biological or cell function, and encompasses the fields of chemical biology, synthetic biology, disease biology, cell biology, nucleic acid biology, neuroscience, structural biology, and biophysics. In addition to traditional Research Articles, Biochemistry also publishes Communications, Viewpoints, and Perspectives, as well as From the Bench articles that report new methods of particular interest to the biological chemistry community.