有机矿物肥料在促进粮食安全方面可发挥的机遇与挑战

Ruben Sakrabani
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着全球人口的不断增长,粮食安全面临着日益严峻的挑战。农业部门是保障粮食供应的关键,但要满足作物的养分需求,农业部门对矿物肥料的依赖程度高达 50%。由于矿物肥料的生产是能源密集型的,造成的温室气体(GHG)排放量接近全球总量的 2%,这对实现净零排放目标提出了更大的挑战。其他挑战还包括极端天气模式、施肥过程中的温室气体和扩散污染、土壤健康下降、病虫害和土壤生物多样性丧失。随着矿物肥料价格的上涨和土壤健康状况的下降,需要创新的解决方案来满足作物的养分需求,同时确保在土壤中保存足够的有机质。有机矿物质肥料(OMF)是实现农业净零排放的解决方案之一。有机矿物质肥料是一个新概念,它采用有机原料(如生物固体、牲畜粪便、作物秸秆、食物垃圾),并将其与减少用量的矿物质肥料结合在一起,形成一种均衡的肥料产品。本《视角》文章讨论了有机农用肥的优势-劣势-机会-威胁(SWOT)分析,并总结了有机农用肥的应用如何在改善粮食安全方面发挥作用。这与可采取的短期、中期和长期政策干预措施进一步相关联,通过在保护更广泛的环境和满足粮食安全之间取得平衡来实现更可持续的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Opportunities and challenges organo-mineral fertiliser can play in enabling food security
Food security is a growing challenge related to an increasing global population. The agricultural sector is key for a secure supply of food but relies up to 50% on mineral fertilisers to meet crop nutrient demands. As mineral fertilisers production is energy intensive, causing close to 2% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this poses greater challenge to meet net zero targets. Other challenges include extreme weather patterns, GHG during fertiliser applications and diffuse pollution, declining soil health, pest, disease, and loss of soil biodiversity. As mineral fertilisers’ price increases and the state of soil health decreases, innovative solutions are needed to meet crop nutrient demands while ensuring that sufficient organic matter is conserved in the soil. One solution to achieve net zero in agriculture can be in the form of organo-mineral fertilisers (OMF). OMFs are a new concept that take organic feedstock (such as biosolids, livestock manure, crop residues, food waste) and combines them with reduced amounts of mineral fertilisers resulting in a balanced fertiliser product. This Perspective piece discusses a Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis on OMF and summarizes how OMF applications can play a role to improve food security. This is further linked with short, medium and long terms policy interventions that can be deployed to achieve a more sustainable approach by balancing between protecting the wider environment and meeting food security.
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