光谱选择性吸收器的最新进展:材料、纳米结构和光热发电

APL Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1063/5.0194976
Zhuo-Hao Zhou, Cheng-Yu He, Xiang-Hu Gao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着光热技术在各个领域的不断发展,特别是聚光太阳能发电(CSP)系统和太阳能热发电设备(STEG),对高性能光谱选择性吸收器(SSA)的需求大幅增长。这些光谱选择性吸收器对于实现高太阳吸收率和最小红外热损耗,从而大幅提高太阳能利用效率至关重要。这一需求在 CSP 系统中尤为重要,因为高温是提高效率的关键。然而,考虑到光学性能和热稳定性之间的固有权衡,高温的必要性对 SSA 的制造提出了严格的要求。SSA 通常需要纳米级薄膜,但这些薄膜在高温下容易氧化和扩散。光热材料的最新发展,包括陶瓷复合材料、MXenes、高熵材料和石墨烯,为提高 SSA 的性能提供了前景广阔的解决方案。这篇综述文章全面评估了这些新兴光热材料的最新进展。我们总结了将这些先进材料与已有纳米结构相结合的策略,这是一种极有前景的先进固态太阳能电池开发方法。此外,本综述还探讨了 SSA 在 CSP 系统和 STEG 中的应用,以提高发电效率。最后,我们总结了高温固态太阳能电池领域的挑战和机遇,为开发高性能固态太阳能电池及其在太阳热发电系统中的作用提供了宝贵的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Recent advances of spectrally selective absorbers: Materials, nanostructures, and photothermal power generation
With the increasing development of photothermal techniques in various fields, particularly concentrated solar power (CSP) systems and solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs), the demand for high-performance spectrally selective absorbers (SSAs) has grown significantly. These SSAs are essential in achieving high solar absorption and minimal infrared thermal loss, thereby significantly enhancing solar utilization efficiency. This need becomes particularly critical in CSP systems, where high temperatures are pivotal for improved efficiency. However, the necessity for high temperatures imposes stringent requirements on the fabrication of SSAs, given the inherent trade-off between optical performance and thermal stability. SSAs typically require nanoscale thin films, but they are prone to oxidation and diffusion at high temperatures. Recent developments in photothermal materials, including ceramic composites, MXenes, high-entropy materials, and graphene, offer promising solutions to enhance SSAs’ performance. This review article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the latest advancements in these emerging photothermal materials. We summarize the strategies for integrating these advanced materials with already established nanostructures, which is a highly promising approach for the development of advanced SSAs. Additionally, the review explores the application of SSAs in CSP systems and STEGs to boost power generation efficiency. We conclude by summarizing the challenges and opportunities in the field of high-temperature SSAs, offering valuable insights into the development of high-performance SSAs and their role in solar-thermal power generation systems.
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