评估住宅自主供暖系统对城市空气污染的影响(贝加尔湖地区案例研究)

V. R. Bityukova, V.S. Dekhnich, A.I. Kravchik, N. S. Kasimov
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摘要

文章根据遥感数据对农庄的数量和面积进行评估,根据人口调查数据和市辖区及居民点管理部门提供的数据对燃料的数量和类型以及燃烧类型进行评估,提出了一种计算个人住宅楼自主供暖系统(AHS)排放量的方法。在三个空间层面上评估了 AHS 作为大气污染源的重要性:根据燃料消耗结构确定了 AHS 在俄罗斯最为重要的地区;计算了贝加尔湖自然区(BNT)各市居民取暖燃料燃烧产生的排放量,并根据排放源结构确定了地区类型;评估了 AHS 在居民区空气污染中的作用。AHS 是北寒带大部分地区的主要空气污染源(超过 90%)。与热电联产项目和锅炉设施不同,在大多数情况下,使用煤炭和木柴的单个住宅楼排放的废气会严重影响空气质量(颗粒物和二氧化硫含量高达 4.9 兆帕斯卡),而这种影响的区域仅限于居民点的住宅区。减少污染的策略取决于地区位置、居住区类型、收入水平、当前的燃料消费结构、是否存在已开采的煤矿以及其他因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AUTONOMOUS RESIDENTIAL HEATING SYSTEMS ON AIR POLLUTION IN MUNICIPALITIES (CASE STUDY OF THE BAIKAL REGION)
The article suggests a method for calculating emissions from the autonomous heating systems (AHS) of individual residential buildings based on the assessment of the number and area of farmsteads using remote sensing data, the volume and type of fuel and the type of combustion according to population surveys data and data provided by the administrations of municipal districts and settlements. The importance of AHS as a source of atmospheric pollution was evaluated at three spatial levels: the regions of Russia, where the AHS are of the greatest importance, were identified according to the structure of fuel consumption; the emissions from the combustion of residential heating fuel were calculated for the municipalities of the Baikal natural territory (BNT) and the types of territories were identified according to the structure of emission sources; and the role of AHS in air pollution of the residential areas was assessed for settlements. AHS are the dominant air pollution source (over 90%) for most of the BNT territory. Unlike CHPPs and boiler facilities, emissions from individual residential buildings using coal and firewood in most cases significantly affect air quality (up to 4,9 MPC of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide), and the areas of such impact are limited to the residential area of settle-ments. Strategies to reduce pollution depend on the location of a territory, type of settlement, income levels, the current structure of fuel consumption, the presence of exploited coal deposits and other factors
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