Technologies of gene editing and related clinical trials for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases: a systematic review

Gene editing can produce irreversible permanent changes to the genetic material at predetermined sequences, avoiding random integration, which is the major drawback of classical gene therapy. The technology has invaded all approaches of genetic engineering and biotechnology with versatile applications in agriculture, industry, and medicine. The present review displays the different approaches and mechanisms of gene editing. Special emphasis has been given to the technology therapeutic applications where all registered clinical trials have been addressed. The Islamic ethical concerns of gene editing have also been highlighted. The great advantages of gene editing technology, coupled with the splendid efforts of scientists to develop systems with superior efficacy and safety would provide an effective avenue for treating a wide range of human diseases in the near future.