约瑟夫-班克罗夫特发现香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病

IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Malcolm J. Ryley, Andre Drenth
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1788 年,英国人在悉尼湾定居,在最初的几十年里,苦苦挣扎的殖民者尝试种植可食用的香蕉,但总是以失败告终。不过,香蕉在莫尔顿湾殖民地(布里斯班)生长得非常好,随着时间的推移,香蕉种植成为当地重要的农业产业,特别是在引进卡文迪许品种之后。一切都进展顺利,直到 19 世纪 70 年代初,布里斯班附近的种植园出现了一种新的疾病。医生兼博物学家约瑟夫-班克罗夫特(Joseph Bancroft)对这一问题进行了调查,得出的结论是一种真菌是病原体。20 世纪初,一种具有类似症状的疾病在加勒比海国家(被称为巴拿马病)严重爆发后,美国细菌学家埃尔温-弗林克-史密斯在古巴研究了同样的疾病,并将病原体命名为立方镰刀菌。另一位美国科学家埃尔默-沃克-布兰德斯(Elmer Walker Brandes)最终证明,立枯镰刀菌(现名 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)是香蕉病的病原体。班克罗夫特发现了现在被称为镰刀菌枯萎病的病害,这不仅早于加勒比地区关于该病害的其他报道,也是澳大利亚对植物病害进行的首次科学调查。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Joseph Bancroft’s discovery of Fusarium Wilt of banana

In the early decades of British settlement at Sydney Cove in 1788, the struggling colonials tried their hand at growing edible bananas but invariably failed. However, they grew extremely well in the Moreton Bay colony (Brisbane) and over time banana growing became an important agricultural industry there, particularly after the introduction of the Cavendish variety. All was progressing well until a new disease appeared in plantations around Brisbane in the early 1870s. The medical practitioner and naturalist Joseph Bancroft investigated the problem and concluded that a fungus was implicated as the causal agent. In the early 1900s, following serious outbreaks of a disease with similar symptoms in Caribbean countries (where it was called Panama Disease), the American bacteriologist Erwin Frink Smith studied the same disease in Cuba, and named the pathogen Fusarium cubense. Another American scientist, Elmer Walker Brandes, conclusively proved that Fusarium cubense (now called Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense) was the cause of the banana disease. Bancroft’s discovery of the disease now called Fusarium Wilt not only predates other reports of the disease in the Caribbean but also represents the first scientific investigation of a plant disease in Australia.

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来源期刊
Historical Records of Australian Science
Historical Records of Australian Science HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
66.70%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Historical Records of Australian Science is a bi-annual journal that publishes two kinds of unsolicited manuscripts relating to the history of science, pure and applied, in Australia, New Zealand and the southwest Pacific. Historical Articles–original scholarly pieces of peer-reviewed research Historical Documents–either hitherto unpublished or obscurely published primary sources, along with a peer-reviewed scholarly introduction. The first issue of the journal (under the title Records of the Australian Academy of Science), appeared in 1966, and the current name was adopted in 1980.
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